The roman Empire was a territory conquered by the city of rome the river tibet forms a meander near its mouth around 7hills The etruscans a people from the centre of italy conquered the 7hills inthe 7th century bC and turned the small villages into a real city:rome this is the origin of the roman empire The Etruscan Monarchy-in the beginning rome was ruled by 7kings the last nonarchs were etruscans the king was assited by a senate Rome clashed with different etruscan cities wich it defeated The romans threw out the etruscan monarchs and established thye republic in 509bC A period of Conquest-the citizens met in assemblies called Comitia to pass laws and to elect the different magistrates(300former magistrates) Rome undertood the conquest of italy and the territories of the mediterranean The romans beat many people including the Carthaginian led by Hannibal wich they defeated in the Punic Wars The Roman Society-The Ptricians were the owners of the lands they participated in the senate and occupied the highest political and military positions The Plebeians were the foreigners immigrants small land owners but at first they could not participate in politics The Slaves who were the prisoners of war or son and daughters of other slaves did not have rights they could buy their freedom and they then became freedmen The crisis of the republic- A pediod of struggles and corruption some generals gained a lot of influence this was the case of julius caesar who managed to acumulate all power in his hands he was assassinated in the 43bc and his nephew octavius seized power after a series of civil wars Roman Magistracies-1.consul-leads the troops 2.praetor-chief of justice 3.censor-tkes the census 4.aedile-local administration 5.quaestor-handles finances The emperor an absolute power-the senator gave octavius the adopted son of julius caesar the title of princeps and the name of augustus wich means divine octavius augustus took the totle of emperor and exercised all power personally he ruled everything Other Crisis-in the 2nd century the roman empire went through a serius military political and economic crisis -The germanic people called barbarian who lived outside the borders of the empire(limes) aplied pressure from the north the empire spend more and more money in military and taxes increased because the military expenses were increasingly high -The persians aplied pressure from the east The eastern Roman Empire withstood invasions and lasted until 1453
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