Aprende los Tiempos Futuros en Inglés y Conceptos Gramaticales Clave

GRAMMAR UNIT 6

Future Simple

Uses:

• Instant decisions: Knock, knock... I will open the door.
• Promises: I promise I will study harder.
• True facts: I'm fourteen years old this year, I'll be fifteen next year.
• Offers: I will help you with your maths.
• Predictions: It will rain tomorrow.

Structures:

• ( + ) Subject + will + verb in infinitive + complements
• ( - ) Subject + will + not + verb in infinitive + complements (will + not = won't)
• ( ? ) [Wh- questions] + will + subject + verb in infinitive + complements?

Will or Might?

Will = we are sure about something in the future – it’s definite.

Might = we are not so sure about something in the future – it’s probable.

My friend will visit me next August.

My friend might visit me next August.

Structures:

• ( + ) Subject + might + verb in infinitive + complements
• ( - ) Subject + might + not + verb in infinitive + complements (might + not = mightn't)
• ( ? ) [Wh- questions] + might + subject + verb in infinitive + complements?

Be Going To

Uses:

• To express intentions or plans: I'm going to buy a new t-shirt next month.
• To express a prediction because we can see the cause of an event: Look! This car is very fast. We are going to crash.

Structures:

• ( + ) Subject + am / is / are + going to + verb in infinitive + complements
• ( - ) Subject + am / is / are + not + going to + verb in infinitive + complements
• ( ? ) [Wh- QUESTIONS] + am / is / are + Subject + going to + verb in infinitive + complements?

Time Expressions Used with Future Tenses

• Tomorrow – demà
• The day after tomorrow – demà passat
• Next .... day / week / year / class – el/la proper/a dia, setmana, any, class
• On Monday (...) weekdays – dilluns (...) dies de la setmana
• This week, month, year… – aquesta setmana, mes, any…
• Soon – aviat
• Later – més tard
• In a/an (2, 3, 4) minute/s, hour/s, month/s, year/s – en un/a (2, 3, 4) minuts, hora, mes, any…
• Tonight – aquesta nit
• One day, in the future,… – un dia, algun dia, en el futur, … ( + hypothetical meaning )

Position: We place these time expressions at the end of the sentence and, occasionally, at the beginning with comma.

First Conditional

Use: to express things that are probable to happen.

[ IF …… PRESENT SIMPLE ] / [ FUTURE SIMPLE ]
             condition clause            result clause

If you study harder, you will pass your exams.

You will pass your exams if you study harder.

Unless = If not … (llevat que, si no …).

Unless you study, you won't pass the exam.

If you don't study, you won't pass the exam.

Sustantivador

• Artículo: siempre acompaña a los sustantivos. El artículo tiene valor de sustantivador (tiene la capacidad de transformar o cambiar la categoría gramatical de la palabra que acompañe en sustantivo [SN]).
• Adjetivo determinativo: igual que el artículo.

Los Pronombres

• Deícticos: pronombre cuya interpretación depende de la situación o del contexto comunicativo.
• Anafóricos: pronombre cuya interpretación depende del discurso.
• Clíticos:
  • Proclíticos: "lo vi"
  • Enclíticos: van anclados al verbo (van detrás). Formas no personales (infinitivo: ducharme; gerundio: duchándome; imperativo: dímelo, cómetelo).