Condicionales en Inglés: Tipos 0, 1, 2 y 3 con Ejemplos y Vocabulario
Oraciones condicionales en inglés
1. Primer condicional (if + present simple / will + infinitive)
Conditional clause (if + present / will + infinitive) | Main clause | |||||||||
if / unless | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | + present simple | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | + future simple + modal | + infinitive without to | |||||
If / Unless the government spends more money on research, we will see more advances in space exploration. If astronauts don’t have special spacesuits, they can’t survive in space. Will science fiction become reality if researchers continue to develop new scientific ideas? | ||||||||||
2. Segundo condicional (if + past simple / would + infinitive)
Conditional clause (if + past simple / would + infinitive) | Main clause | |||||||||
If | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | + past simple | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | + would + could | + infinitive without to | |||||
If we travelled to new galaxies, we could discover new planets. If scientists didn’t spend so much money on space exploration, we would solve more important global issues like disease and climate change. What would you do if you had an invisibility cloak? | ||||||||||
3. Tercer condicional (if + past perfect / would have + past participle)
Conditional clause (if + past perfect [had + past participle] / would have + past participle) | Main clause | |||||||||
If | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | + past perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | + would have + could / may / might have | + past participle | |||||
If governments had invested more money in space programmes, we might have colonized Mars by now. If astronauts hadn’t dared to travel to space in the last century, we wouldn’t have discovered so much about the universe. What would have happened if people in Leonardo da Vinci’s time had had the technology that we have now? | ||||||||||
Vocabulario
Música
TOPIC: analogue (analógico), bass clef (clave de fa), beat (ritmo), classical music, concert, digital, gig (actuación), group, live album (álbum en vivo), lyrics (letras), melody, pop music, rhythm (ritmo), solo artist (solista), studio album, treble clef (clave de sol), tune (melodía, sintonización), words.
SYNONYMS: challenging (thought-provoking), bland (uninteresting), soothing (relaxing), high-pitched (piercing), ear-splitting (deafening), catchy (easy to remember).
ANTONYMS: simple (challenging), inaudible (deafening), bland (catchy), irritating (soothing), deep (high-pitched), thought-provoking (uninteresting).
amplify, turn up, mix (mezclar), perform (actuar), record (grabar), compose.
BIOLOGY: amplify, auditory nerve, cochlea, communicate, convert, eardrum (tímpano), inner ear (oído interno), middle ear, outer ear (oído externo), pinna (pabellón auditivo), tympanic membrane, vibrate.
-ED / -ING ADJECTIVES: annoyed / annoying, challenged / challenging, deafened / deafening, disappointed / disappointing, entertained / entertaining, exhausted / exhausting, fascinated / fascinating, motivated / motivating, relaxed / relaxing, worried / worrying.
COMPOUND ADJECTIVES: bad-tempered, big-headed, good-humoured, good-looking, hard-working, long-haired, sell-out, well-known, well-rehearsed.
Medio ambiente
TOPIC: energy efficiency, insulation (aislamiento), recycling (reciclaje), solar panel, traffic jam.
NOUN SUFFIXES: building, emission, government, recycling, reduction, saving.
PHRASAL VERBS: cut down (reducir), give off (emitir, arrojar), give up (rendirse), run out (acabarse), throw away (tirar, malgastar).
ECOLOGY: carbon emissions, carbon footprints (huella de carbono), CO2 contribution, greenhouse gases (gases de efecto invernadero), measure (medida), offsetting (compensación), quantify (cuantificar).
VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS: avoid talking (evitar hablar), keep improving (seguir mejorando), enjoy going out (disfrutar saliendo), miss seeing, used to consuming, get used to consuming.
VERBS FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVE: learn to respect (aprender a respetar), choose to destroy (elegir destruir), choose to save (elegir salvar), plan to reduce, want to make.
Ciencia y tecnología
TOPIC: aeroplane, android, black hole (agujero negro), communication, electricity, invisibility cloak (capa de invisibilidad), precognition (premonición), relativity, spaceship (astronave), submarine, teleportation, telescope, time travel.
WORD FAMILIES: astronomer, astronomy, invent, inventor, invest, investor, law, lawyer, philosophy, philosopher, physics, physicist, politics, politician, research, researcher.
PHYSICS: Big Bang, cosmologist, light years, orbit, solar system.
PHRASAL VERBS: bring out (sacar), find out (descubrir), look into (examinar), make up (inventar, maquillar), point out (señalar), put forward (presentar).