Dominando el Inglés: Vocabulario Esencial y Fundamentos Gramaticales
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Vocabulario Esencial de Inglés
Hobbies y Actividades
- Chess - Ajedrez
- Computer games - Juegos de ordenador
- Cooking - Cocina
- Dancing - Baile
- Drawing - Dibujar
- Fashion - Moda
- Films - Películas
- Keeping fit - Ejercicio (mantenerse en forma)
- Magazines - Revistas
- Music - Música
- Photography - Fotografía
- Sport - Deporte
- Internet - Internet
- Collect swords - Coleccionar espadas
- Collect butterflies - Coger mariposas
- Collect flowers - Coger flores
- Play football - Jugar al fútbol
- Play TV games - Jugar a videojuegos
- Parachuting - Lanzarse en paracaídas
- Gardening - Jardinería
- Tinkering - Bricolaje / Reparar cosas
- Go to the theater - Ir al teatro
- Throw snowballs - Lanzar bolas de nieve
- Surfing - Hacer surf
- Skiing - Esquiar
- Hunting - Caza
- Sailing - Navegar
- Play chess - Jugar al ajedrez
- Make pottery - Hacer cerámica
- Make sandcastles - Hacer castillos de arena
- Keep fish - Tener peces (como mascotas)
- Skating - Patinaje
- Running - Correr
- Play basketball - Jugar al baloncesto
- Play the saxophone - Tocar el saxofón
- Play cards - Jugar a las cartas
- Rollerblading - Patinar en línea
- Snowboarding - Snowboard
- Ride a horse - Montar a caballo
- Scuba diving - Buceo
- Sledding - Trineo
- Hiking - Excursionismo
- Sunbathing - Tomar el sol
- Bungee jumping - Puenting
- Painting - Pintura
- Ride a bike - Andar en bici
- Play billiards - Jugar al billar
- Take photos - Hacer fotos
- Canoeing - Hacer piragüismo/canoa
- Doing crosswords - Hacer crucigramas
Profesiones
- Construction worker - Obrero
- Businesswoman - Mujer de negocios
- Police Officer - Oficial de policía
- Postal worker - Cartero/a
- Shop assistant - Dependiente/a de tienda
- Taxi driver - Taxista
Emociones y Sentimientos
- Confused - Confundido
- Cross - Enfadado
- Delighted - Encantado
- Embarrassed - Avergonzado
- Exhausted - Agotado
- Relaxed - Relajado
- Scared - Asustado
- Surprised - Sorprendido
- Upset - Alterado/Molesto
- Disappointed - Decepcionado
- Excited - Excitado/Emocionado
- Fed up - Harto
- Irritated - Irritado
- Jealous - Celoso
- Lonely - Solitario
- Nervous - Nervioso
Preposiciones de Movimiento y Lugar
- Along - A lo largo
- Away from - Lejos de
- Into - Hacia dentro
- Off - Caer de / Fuera de
- Onto - Sobre
- Out of - Fuera de
- Past - Pasar / Más allá de
- Round - Alrededor de
- Towards - Hacia
Fundamentos de Gramática Inglesa
Present Simple
Usos del Present Simple
- Para hábitos y rutinas. Ej: I usually play tennis at 7:00 PM.
- Para verdades universales. Ej: Water freezes at 0ºC.
- Para horarios y programas. Ej: My train leaves at 10:00.
Estructura Afirmativa (+)
Sujeto + Verbo (con "s" o "es" para he, she, it).
Present Continuous
Usos del Present Continuous
- Para acciones que están sucediendo en el momento. Ej: We are playing football now.
- Para hablar de planes futuros cercanos. Ej: What are you doing tonight? I'm watching TV.
Past Simple
Usos del Past Simple
- Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento determinado del pasado.
Estructura Afirmativa (+)
Sujeto + Verbo en Pasado (-ed para regulares, forma irregular para irregulares). Ej: She played in the sport center.
Estructura Negativa (-)
Sujeto + did not (didn't) + Infinitivo del verbo. Ej: They didn't listen to music. They didn't sleep last night.
Estructura Interrogativa (?)
(Palabra interrogativa: How, What, Why, etc.) + did + Sujeto + Infinitivo del verbo + Complementos. Ej: Did she dance yesterday?
Modal Verb: Could / Couldn't
Estructura Afirmativa (+)
Sujeto + could + Infinitivo del verbo (sin to). Ej: I could read when I was three. (A los 3 años ya sabía leer.)
Estructura Negativa (-)
Sujeto + couldn't + Infinitivo del verbo (sin to). Ej: Sarah couldn't go to the party. (Sarah no pudo ir a la fiesta.)
Estructura Interrogativa (?)
Could + Sujeto + Infinitivo del verbo (sin to). Ej: Could you talk when you were two? Yes, I could. (¿Sabías hablar a los dos años? Sí.)
Verb "To Be" in Past Simple: Was / Were
Estructura Afirmativa (+)
Sujeto + was/were + Complemento. Ej: I was at home last night. (Anoche estuve en casa.)
Estructura Negativa (-)
Sujeto + wasn't/weren't + Complemento. Ej: I wasn't at school. (No estaba en el colegio.)
Estructura Interrogativa (?)
Was/Were + Sujeto + Complemento. Ej: Were you tired? (¿Estabas cansado/a?)
Was y were son las formas del pasado del verbo to be. Ej: We were thirsty. (Teníamos sed.)
Verbos Irregulares Comunes
Español | Base Form | Past Simple | Past Participle |
---|---|---|---|
Ser | be | was/were | been |
Convertir | become | became | become |
Comenzar | begin | began | begun |
Morder | bite | bit | bitten |
Romper | break | broke | broken |
Llevar | bring | brought | brought |
Construir | build | built | built |
Quemar | burn | burnt | burnt |
Comprar | buy | bought | bought |
Coger | catch | caught | caught |
Elegir | choose | chose | chosen |
Venir | come | came | come |
Costar | cost | cost | cost |
Cortar | cut | cut | cut |
Hacer | do | did | done |
Dibujar | draw | drew | drawn |
Soñar | dream | dreamed/dreamt | dreamed/dreamt |
Beber | drink | drank | drunk |
Conducir | drive | drove | driven |
Comer | eat | ate | eaten |
Caer | fall | fell | fallen |
Alimentar | feed | fed | fed |
Sentir | feel | felt | felt |
Luchar | fight | fought | fought |
Encontrar | find | found | found |
Volar | fly | flew | flown |
Olvidar | forget | forgot | forgotten |
Congelar | freeze | froze | frozen |
Obtener | get | got | got/gotten |
Dar | give | gave | given |
Ir | go | went | been/gone |
Crecer | grow | grew | grown |
Tener | have | had | had |
Escuchar | hear | heard | heard |
Ocultar | hide | hid | hidden |
Golpear | hit | hit | hit |
Mantener | hold | held | held |
Dañar | hurt | hurt | hurt |
Mantener | keep | kept | kept |
Saber | know | knew | known |
Aprender | learn | learnt/learned | learnt/learned |
Dejar/Salir | leave | left | left |
Prestar | lend | lent | lent |
Dejar | let | let | let |
Perder | lose | lost | lost |
Hacer | make | made | made |
Significar | mean | meant | meant |
Encontrar | meet | met | met |
Pagar | pay | paid | paid |
Poner | put | put | put |
Leer | read | read | read |
Pasear | ride | rode | ridden |
Tocar | ring | rang | rung |
Correr | run | ran | run |
Decir | say | said | said |
Ver | see | saw | seen |
Vender | sell | sold | sold |
Enviar | send | sent | sent |
Brillar | shine | shone | shone |
Cerrar | shut | shut | shut |
Cantar | sing | sang | sung |
Sentarse | sit | sat | sat |
Dormir | sleep | slept | slept |
Hablar | speak | spoke | spoken |
Deletrear | spell | spelt/spelled | spelt/spelled |
Gastar | spend | spent | spent |
Estar de pie | stand | stood | stood |
Robar | steal | stole | stolen |
Nadar | swim | swam | swum |
Balancear | swing | swung | swung |
Tomar | take | took | taken |
Enseñar | teach | taught | taught |
Contar/Decir | tell | told | told |
Pensar | think | thought | thought |
Tirar | throw | threw | thrown |
Entender | understand | understood | understood |
Despertar | wake | woke | woken |
Llevar | wear | wore | worn |
Ganar | win | won | won |
Escribir | write | wrote | written |