Dominio del Inglés: Phrasal Verbs, Reported Speech y Estructuras Gramaticales

Listado Esencial de Phrasal Verbs

• Go on (continuar)
• Carry out (llevar a cabo)
• Set up (establecer)
• Pick up (recoger)
• Go back (regresar)
• Come back (volver)
• Go out (salir)
• Point out (indicar)
• Find out (descubrir)
• Come up (surgir)
• Make up (compensar por algo)
• Take over (asumir)
• Come out (salir)
• Come on (encenderse)
• Come in (recibir algo)
• Go down (bajar, ser aceptado)
• Work out (elaborar, resolver un problema)
• Set out (exponer)
• Take up (tomar, aceptar una oferta)
• Get back (volver)
• Sit down (sentarse)
• Turn out (apagar / resultar)
• Take on (asumir, contratar)
• Give up (renunciar)
• Get up (levantarse)
• Look up (buscar)
• Carry on (continuar)
• Go up (subir)
• Get out (salir, completar algo)
• Take out (sacar algo)
• Come down (dejar caer algo)
• Put down (anotar, atribuir)
• Put up (exhibir o mostrar)
• Turn up (aparecer)
• Get on (subir a)
• Bring up (criar, mencionar)
• Bring in (presentar formalmente)
• Look back (mirar hacia atrás)
• Look down (mirar hacia abajo)
• Bring back (traer de vuelta / derrumbarse)
• Take off (despegar)
• Go off (explotar, suceder)
• Bring about (hacer que algo ocurra, producir)
• Go in (tomar parte en algo)
• Set off (compensar por algo)
• Put out (molestado / apagar un fuego)
• Look out (mirar hacia fuera)
• Take back (devolver, recuperar la propiedad)
• Hold up (sostener, robar a alguien, apoyar en algo)

Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

El Reported Speech se utiliza para contar lo que otra persona ha dicho. Los tiempos verbales suelen cambiar de la siguiente manera:

• Present Simple: "I watch TV" → Past Simple: He said that he watched TV.
• Present Continuous: "I’m watching TV" → Past Continuous: He said that he was watching TV.
• Present Perfect Simple: "I have watched TV" → Past Perfect Simple: He said that he had watched TV.
• Past Simple: "I watched TV" → Past Perfect Simple: He said that he had watched TV.
• Past Perfect Simple: "I had watched TV" → Se mantiene igual (Past Perfect Simple).
• Going to: "I’m going to watch TV" → Was/Were going to: He said that he was going to watch TV.
• Must: "I must lie" → Had to: He said that he had to lie.

Modal Verbs (Verbos Modales)

Los Modal Verbs expresan diferentes actitudes o funciones en la oración:

• Habilidad: Can, could, be able to.
• Posibilidad: May, might, could.
• Consejo: Should, ought to, had better.
• Obligación: Must, have to, need to.
• Prohibición: Mustn’t, can’t.
• Innecesidad: Don’t have to, needn’t.
• Permiso: Can, be allowed to.

Conditionals (Oraciones Condicionales)

Existen cuatro tipos principales de Conditionals en inglés:

• Zero Conditional: If + present simple, present simple (Acciones generales, verdades universales o reales).
• First Conditional: If + present simple, will + infinitive (Eventos probables en el futuro).
• Second Conditional: If + past simple, would + infinitive (Casos hipotéticos o improbables en el presente/futuro).
• Third Conditional: If + had + past participle, would have + past participle (Casos hipotéticos en el pasado que no ocurrieron).