Dominio del Reported Speech: Reglas y Transformaciones Esenciales

1. Backshifting: Cambios en los Tiempos Verbales

• Present Simple (I am happy / I sleep) → Past Simple (He said he was happy / He said he slept)
• Present Continuous (I am feeling happy / I am sleeping) → Past Continuous (He said he was feeling happy / He said he was sleeping)
• Past Simple (I was happy / I slept) → Past Perfect (He said he had been happy / He said he had slept)
• Present Perfect (I have been happy / I have slept) → Past Perfect (He said he had been happy / He said he had slept)
• Present Perfect Continuous (I have been feeling happy / I have been sleeping) → Past Perfect Continuous (He said he had been feeling happy / He said he had been sleeping)
• Future (I will be happy / I will sleep) → Simple Conditional (He said he would be happy / He said he would sleep)
• Future Perfect (I will have been happy / I will have slept) → Simple Conditional Perfect (He said he would have been happy / He said he would have slept)

2. Cambios en los Verbos Modales

• CAN (I can sleep) → COULD (He said he could sleep)
• MAY (I may sleep) → MIGHT (He said he might sleep)
• WILL (I will sleep) → WOULD (He said he would sleep)
• MUST (I must sleep) → HAD TO (He said he had to sleep)

3. Transformación de Expresiones de Tiempo y Lugar

• Now → at the moment, then
• Tonight → That night
• Today → That day
• Last night → The night before
• This morning → That morning
• This week → That week
• Next week → The following week
• Next year → The year after
• Here → There
• Yesterday → The previous day, the day before
• A month ago → The previous month, the month before
• This/these → That/those

4. Estructuras Verbales en Reported Speech

Verb + Infinitive

Verbos: Agree (estar de acuerdo), offer (ofrecer), promise (prometer), refuse (rechazar), threaten (amenazar), decide (decidir), warn (advertir), remind (recordar), ask (wh-).
Estructura: Verbo + to + infinitivo. Ej: They agreed to meet on Friday.

Verb + Object + Infinitive

Verbos: Advise (aconsejar), encourage (animar), invite (invitar), remind (recordar), warn (advertir).
Estructura: Verbo + objeto + to + infinitivo. Ej: Tom advised me to go...

Verb + Gerund

Verbos: Deny (denegar), recommend (recomendar), suggest (sugerir), complain (quejarse), announce (anunciar).
Estructura: Verbo + gerundio (-ing). Ej: They recommended taking the bus.

Verb + Object + Preposition + Gerund

Verbos: Accuse (acusar), blame (culpar), congratulate (felicitar).
Estructura: Verbo + objeto + preposición + gerundio. Ej: He accused me of taking the money.