Dominio del Reported Speech y Vocabulario Avanzado en Inglés

Dominio del Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

El Reported Speech se utiliza para contar lo que otra persona ha dicho. A continuación, se detallan los cambios en los tiempos verbales y ejemplos prácticos:

Cambios en los Tiempos Verbales

• Present Simple a Past Simple: "I'm a nurse", she said — She said she was a nurse.
• Present Continuous a Past Continuous: "I'm not going", he said — He said he wasn't going.
• Past Simple a Past Perfect Simple: "Tony did it", she said — She said Tony had done it.
• Present Perfect a Past Perfect: "I haven't read it", she said — She said she hadn't read it.
• Past Continuous a Past Perfect Continuous: "I was lying", he said — He said he had been lying.

Cambios en Verbos Modales

• Will a Would: "I will get it", she said — She said she would get it.
• Can a Could: "I can speak French", he said — He said he could speak French.
• May a Might: "I may be late", she said — She said she might be late.
• Must a Had to: "I must go", he said — He said he had to go.

Transformaciones de Tiempo, Lugar y Pronombres

Al pasar al estilo indirecto, es fundamental ajustar las referencias temporales, espaciales y personales:

• Today: that day
• Now: then
• Tonight: that night
• Last...: the previous...
• Yesterday: the day before
• ...ago: ...before
• Last week: the week before
• Next year: the following year
• Tomorrow: the following day
• Here: there
• This: that
• These: those
• I: he/she
• Me: him/her
• Mine: his/her
• Myself: himself/herself
• We: they
• Us: them
• Ours: theirs
• Ourselves: themselves
• You: I/we
• Yours: mine/ours
• Yourself/Yourselves: myself/ourselves

Vocabulario Temático y Expresiones

El Medio Ambiente y Sostenibilidad

• Beast: bestia
• Flooding: inundación
• Greenhouse effect: efecto invernadero
• Layer: capa
• Soil: suelo
• Carbon footprint: huella de carbono
• Fossil fuel: combustible fósil
• Crop: cultivo
• Landfill: vertedero
• Waste: residuos

Verbos de Acción y Procesos

• Dump: acumular / verter
• Lean: estar inclinado
• Sink: hundirse
• Trample: aplastar
• Insulate: aislar
• Melt: derretirse
• Thaw: descongelar
• Leak: filtrarse
• Revive: revivir

Adjetivos Descriptivos

• Average: medio
• Hazardous: nocivo / peligroso
• Eco-friendly: ecológico
• Large-scale: masivo / a gran escala
• Endangered: en peligro de extinción
• Vast: enorme

Phrasal Verbs y Combinaciones Verbales

• Benefit from: beneficiarse de
• Expose to: exponer a
• Knock down: derribar
• Slow down: ir más despacio
• Consist of: componerse de
• Face with: enfrentarse a
• Name after: llevar el nombre de
• Disappear from: desaparecer de
• Get rid of: deshacerse de

Expresiones Idiomáticas (Binomials)

• Black and white: ser blanco o negro (sin matices)
• Loud and clear: alto y claro
• Now or never: ahora o nunca
• Pros and cons: pros y contras
• Safe and sound: sano y salvo
• Sink or swim: sálvese quien pueda / a todo o nada
• Tried and tested: más que comprobado
• Give or take: más o menos
• Now and then: de vez en cuando
• Plain and simple: simple y llanamente
• Rain or shine: llueva o truene
• Sick and tired: hasta el moño / harto
• Sooner or later: tarde o temprano