Essential English Grammar and Scientific Concepts Mastery

Literary Elements and Vocabulary

Fable: animals, short, moral, setting, traits

Setting: where, when (donde y cuando)

Traits: characteristics of characters

Modal Verbs

• Can: use, ability, suggestion, request
• Can't: certain that something is impossible
• Could: ability
• May: possibility
• Might: possibility
• Must: obligation
• Have to: obligation, strong obligation
• Mustn't: prohibition
• Should: opinion, advice, ought to (igual)

Adjective Order

Opinion, size, age, shape, colour, pattern, material

Example: lovely, short, old, square, pink, plain, cotton

Causative Verbs

I need to have: otra persona lo hace

I get done: él mismo lo hace

Have/get + noun + past participle

Verb Tenses and Structures

Past Simple

• Subj + verb past + compl
• Subj + did not + verb present + C
• Did + subj + verb present + C

Present Continuous

• Subj + be present + verb + ing + C
• Be present + subject + verb ing

Past Perfect

• Subj + had + verb participle
• Subj + had + not + verb participle + C
• Had + subj + verb participle + C

Present Perfect

• Subj + have/has + verb participle + C
• Subj + have/has + not + verb participle
• Have/has + subj + verb participle + C

Voice

Active Voice: Subj + verb present + Compl

Passive Voice: Complement + be + verb participle + by + he/she/you

Conditionals

Primer Condicional

If + subj + verb present + C + , + subj + will + verb present

Subj + will + verb present + C + if + subj + verb present + C

Segundo Condicional

If + subj + verb past + C + , + subj + would + verb present + C

Subj + would + verb present + C + if + subj + verb past + C

Science and Nature Concepts

Environment

Sum of the relationship between all living and nonliving things. It's determined by climate, humidity.

Cycle of Living Organisms

Drawing interactive with the environment, reproducing, and dying.

Photosynthesis

The process of many plants converting solar energy into chemical energy, which is the storage of sugars and carbohydrates.

Cell

The basic unit of life and the smallest unit able to carry out all the basic life functions, including growth and reproduction.

Mitosis

Process through which asexual cells reproduce.

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Meiosis

Is the way sexual cells reproduce, such as in plants and animals.

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase 1 and 2.

Human Genetics

Humans have 46 chromosomes

The XX chromosome is female

The XY is male