Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Structures

English Vocabulary

• Wealthy = riqueza
• Wise = sabio
• Purse = monedero
• Fed up with = estar harto de
• Miserable = triste
• Deal with = ocuparse de
• Sane = mentalmente sano
• Get rid of = liberarse de
• Stressful = estresante
• Break up = acabar una relación (cortar con alguien)
• Mood = humor
• Enable = permitir
• Diseases = enfermedades
• Chase = perseguir
• Sense = sentido
• Flu = gripe
• Cut down on = reducir
• Put on weight = engordar
• Get over = superar
• Take up = comenzar / empezar
• Workout = rutina de ejercicio
• Warm up = calentar
• Kick in = entrar en acción
• Coming down with = cogiendo algo
• Leeches = sanguijuelas
• Get fit = ponerse en forma
• Get in shape = ponerse en forma
• Strenuous = agotador
• Lift weights = levantar pesas
• Strengthen = fortalecer
• Exhausted = agotado
• Out of shape = fuera de forma
• Avoid = evitar
• Overdo it = exagerar
• Endurance = resistencia
• Set a goal = fijar un objetivo
• Get out of breath = quedarse sin aliento
• Go for a walk = dar un paseo
• Catch a cold = resfriarse
• Go on a diet = ponerse a dieta
• Awareness = consciencia
• Due to = debido a
• Therefore = por lo tanto

The Passive Voice

Structure: Subject + auxiliary verb ("to be") + past participle

Present Simple Passive

• Active Voice: John writes the letter
• Passive Voice: The letter is written by John

Present Continuous Passive

• Active Voice: John is writing the letter
• Passive Voice: The letter is being written by John

Past Simple Passive

• Active Voice: John wrote the letter
• Passive Voice: The letter was written by John

Past Continuous Passive

• Active Voice: John was writing the letter
• Passive Voice: The letter was being written by John

Present Perfect Passive

• Active Voice: John has written the letter
• Passive Voice: The letter has been written by John

Past Perfect Passive

• Active Voice: John had written the letter
• Passive Voice: The letter had been written by John

Future Simple Passive (Will)

• Active Voice: John will write the letter
• Passive Voice: The letter will be written by John

Future Passive (Going to)

• Active Voice: John is going to write the letter
• Passive Voice: The letter is going to be written by John

Causative Form

Used when the subject doesn't perform the action itself, but arranges for someone else to do it.

Example: I will have my computer repaired tomorrow.

(The verb tense depends on the main verb)

Structure: Have or Get + object + past participle (+ complement)