Essential English: Vocabulary, Future Tenses & First Conditional

Essential English Vocabulary

A collection of common English words and their Spanish translations, organized by category.

Technology and Gadgets

• Touch Screen = Pantalla táctil
• Display = Pantalla
• Voicemail = Buzón de voz
• Ringtone = Tono de llamada
• Keypad = Teclado
• Alarm Clock = Alarma
• Calendar = Calendario
• Caller ID = Identificador de llamada
• Video Calling = Videollamada
• Mobile Phone Charger = Cargador
• Digital Camera = Cámara
• Headset = Manos libres / Auriculares

Fashion and Personal Items

• Make-up = Maquillaje
• Sunglasses = Gafas de sol
• Cap = Gorra
• Flip-flops = Chanclas
• High Heels = Tacones
• Platform Shoes = Zapatos de plataforma
• Shoes = Zapatos
• Blouse = Blusa
• Miniskirt = Minifalda
• Earrings = Pendientes
• Lipstick = Lápiz de labios
• Ring = Anillo
• Bracelet = Brazalete / Pulsera

Professions

• Bus Driver = Conductor/a de autobús
• Cashier = Cajero/a
• Childminder = Niñero/a
• Cleaner = Limpiador/a
• Company Director = Director/a de empresa
• Cook = Cocinero/a
• Engineer = Ingeniero/a
• Film Producer = Productor/a de cine
• Hairdresser = Peluquero/a
• Judge = Juez/a
• Nurse = Enfermero/a
• Police Officer = Policía
• Shop Assistant = Dependiente/a
• Surgeon = Cirujano/a
• Lifeguard = Socorrista

Food: Adjectives and Types

• Cooked = Cocinado
• Fattening = Que engorda
• Oily = Aceitoso
• Raw = Crudo
• Salty = Salado
• Sweet = Dulce
• Frozen = Congelado
• Spicy = Picante

Food and Drinks

• Fizzy Drink = Bebida refrescante / Gaseosa
• Baked Beans = Judías preparadas (estilo inglés) / Potaje de judías
• Orange Juice = Zumo de naranja
• Pepper = Pimiento (vegetable) / Pimienta (spice)
• Olive Oil = Aceite de oliva
• Popcorn = Palomitas de maíz
• Watermelon = Sandía
• Carrot = Zanahoria
• Nut = Nuez / Fruto seco
• Crisps (UK) / Chips (US) = Patatas fritas de bolsa / Papas de paquete
• Biscuit (UK) / Cookie (US) = Galleta

English Grammar: Future Tenses and Conditionals

Future Simple: "Will"

Structure

• Positive: Subject + will + verb (base form)
• Negative: Subject + won't (will not) + verb (base form)
• Interrogative: Will + subject + verb (base form)?

Common Time Expressions

• Tomorrow
• One day
• In the future
• Later
• Soon
• Next week/month/year

Uses

• Decisions made at the moment of speaking.
• Predictions about the future (often based on opinion or belief).
• Promises, offers, requests.

Example

One day, robots will clean people's houses. (Un día, los robots limpiarán las casas de la gente.)

Future with "Be Going To"

Structure

Positive

• I + am + going to + verb (base form)
• He/She/It + is + going to + verb (base form)
• We/You/They + are + going to + verb (base form)

Negative

• I + am not + going to + verb (base form)
• He/She/It + isn't (is not) + going to + verb (base form)
• We/You/They + aren't (are not) + going to + verb (base form)

Interrogative

• Am + I + going to + verb (base form)?
• Is + He/She/It + going to + verb (base form)?
• Are + We/You/They + going to + verb (base form)?

Uses

• Intentions or plans made before the moment of speaking.
• Predictions based on present evidence (something is about to happen).

Examples

Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain. (¡Mira esas nubes oscuras! Va a llover.)

Arahal is going to be a green town. (Arahal va a ser un pueblo verde.)

First Conditional (Conditional Type 1)

Structure

If + Subject + Present Simple verb, Subject + will / won't + verb (base form)

(This describes a real or likely possibility in the future.)

The order of the clauses can be changed: Subject + will / won't + verb (base form) if + Subject + Present Simple verb. (No comma is needed when the 'if' clause comes second).

Use

To talk about the consequences of a possible future action or situation.

Example

If Tom Cruise makes another Mission: Impossible film, we'll go and see it. (Si Tom Cruise hace otra película de Misión Imposible, nosotros iremos a verla.)

We'll go and see the film if Tom Cruise makes another Mission: Impossible.