Fundamentos Esenciales de Gramática y Vocabulario en Inglés: There is, Have to y Asignaturas Escolares

Vocabulario y Estructuras Clave del Inglés Básico

Asignaturas Escolares (School Subjects)

A continuación, se presenta una lista de asignaturas escolares comunes con su traducción al español:

• Russian = Ruso
• Chemistry = Química
• Art and Design = Arte y Diseño
• Biology = Biología
• ICT (Information and Communication Technology) = Computación / TIC
• R.E. (Religious Education) = Educación Religiosa
• Maths (Mathematics) = Matemáticas
• Music = Música
• Geography = Geografía
• English = Inglés
• History = Historia
• D.T. (Design Technology) = Tecnología / Diseño y Tecnología

Expresando Gustos y Opiniones (Liking and Disliking)

Utiliza estas frases para expresar tu opinión sobre las asignaturas o actividades:

😊 Opiniones Positivas Fuertes

• I love it. (Me encanta.)
• It's great. (Es genial.)
• I really like it. (Me gusta mucho.)

😐 Opiniones Neutrales o Moderadas

• It's all right. (Está bien.)
• It's not bad. (No está mal.)
• I quite like it. (Me gusta bastante.)
• It's interesting. (Es interesante.)
• It's quite easy. (Es bastante fácil.)

😞 Opiniones Negativas

• I'm not very keen on it. (No estoy muy interesado en ello.)
• I can't stand it. (No puedo soportarlo.)
• I hate it. (Lo odio.)
• It's boring. (Es aburrido.)
• It's difficult. (Es difícil / Su dificultad.)

Estructura Gramatical: There is / There are

Esta estructura se utiliza para indicar la existencia de algo (equivalente a 'hay' en español).

There is (Singular)

Significa: Ahí está / Hay (singular)

• Affirmative: There's a teacher.
• Negative: There isn't a television.
• Interrogative: Is there a notice board?
• Respuesta: Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.

There are (Plural)

• Affirmative: There are some students.
• Negative: There aren't any CDs.
• Interrogative: Are there any children?
• Respuesta: Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.

Uso de 'A', 'Some' y 'Any'

• We use a with singular nouns. (Usamos 'a' con sustantivos singulares.)
• We use some with plural nouns in affirmative sentences. (Usamos 'some' con sustantivos plurales en oraciones afirmativas.)
• We use any with plural nouns in negative sentences and in questions. (Usamos 'any' con sustantivos plurales en oraciones negativas y preguntas.)

Ejemplos de Uso

• There are some books.
• There aren't any schoolbags.
• There isn't a blackboard.
• There isn't a laptop.

Preposiciones de Lugar (Prepositions of Place)

Near

Cerca

Behind

Detrás

In

Adentro / En

In front of

Frente a

Between

Entre

Opposite

Opuesto / Enfrente

On

Arriba / Sobre

Under

Abajo / Debajo

Estructura Gramatical: Have to / Has to (Obligación)

El verbo modal have to se utiliza para expresar obligación o necesidad.

Formas de 'Have to'

Affirmative (Afirmativa)

• Plural (I, You, We, They): They have to start school at 8 p.m.
• Singular (He, She, It): He has to stay at school until 3:30.

Negative (Negativa)

Se utiliza el auxiliar do/does más not, y have to se mantiene en su forma base.

• Plural: They don't have to wear a uniform.
• Singular: He doesn't have to study at the weekend.

Interrogative (Interrogativa)

Se utiliza el auxiliar do/does al inicio de la pregunta.

• Do you have to study R.E.?
  • Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
• Does he have to work hard?
  • Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

Ejemplos de Uso de 'Have to'

• In winter, I take the bus to school. I don't have to. (Nota: Esta frase parece incompleta o mal formulada en el original. Se interpreta como: No tengo que hacerlo, pero lo hago.)
• My sister doesn't have to stay at school for lunch. She usually goes home and eats there.
• I have to wear a school uniform: a black skirt and white shirt, but my sister doesn't have to wear a uniform.
• We have to study a science: Chemistry, Physics, or Biology.
• I hate Maths, but I have to study it.
• My cousin's school is private – she has to play. (Nota: Si la intención era 'pagar', la palabra correcta sería 'pay'.)