Gramática inglesa: tiempos verbales y estructuras con ejemplos

PRESENT SIMPLE

She has an English lesson every Tuesday. He doesn't often speak English. Do you practise every day?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Affirmative:

He's having a shower. They're watching a film.

Negative:

He isn't having a shower. They aren't watching a film.

Questions:

Is he having a shower? Are they watching a film? What are you doing?

PAST SIMPLE

He arrived in Dublin yesterday. He didn't arrive yesterday. When did Patrick arrive?

PAST CONTINUOUS

Our team was losing. The fans weren't cheering. Who were they playing with? Was he playing well?

PAST SIMPLE AND PAST CONTINUOUS + WHEN / WHILE

What were you doing when I phoned? While they were playing football, it started to rain.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE - HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE

Affirmative:

We've (have) been to Italy. He's (has) changed school three times.

Negative:

We haven't been to Italy. He hasn't changed school three times.

Questions:

Where have you been? Have you been to Italy? Yes, we have. How many times has he changed school? Has he changed school three times? Yes, he has.

PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE

He's written the letter. He wrote it yesterday. We haven't seen her. We didn't see her last Tuesday. Have you played basketball? Did you play basketball last night?

Regla clave: Usa el present perfect si la acción sigue vigente y el past simple si ya terminó.

FIRST CONDITIONAL

If we go by train, it will be cheaper. He'll be sad if you don't go with him. If it rains, we won't go out. What will we do if she doesn't come?

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE WITH FOR OR SINCE

I've lived here for five years. She hasn't seen him for two months. She hasn't seen him since April. I've lived here since 2005.

HOW LONG?

How long have you been at this school? I've been here for three years. How long has she had her bike? She's had it since Christmas.

PRESENT PERFECT / PAST SIMPLE

Present perfect si todavía es relevante; past simple si ya ha acabado.

PASSIVE VOICE: PRESENT AND PAST OF TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Affirmative:

The largest planets are made of gas. The landings on the Moon were shown live on TV.

Negative:

The Moon isn't made of cheese. Pluto wasn't discovered until 1930.

Questions:

Is Uranus composed of rock? When was Pluto discovered? Was the Space Shuttle built by NASA?

COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

Comparative:

Nearer than him, more distant than, worse than us.

Superlative:

The nearest, the most distant, the worst.