Gramática Inglesa: Tiempos Verbales, Voz Pasiva, Oraciones Condicionales y Estilo Indirecto con Ejercicios Resueltos

Ejercicios de Gramática Inglesa

1. Estilo indirecto (Reported Speech)

• She hadn't seen me for a long time.
• She had met their friend Sheila at the bus stop the morning before.
• She said that her sister was coming back the next day.
• Jenny would be doing some temporary work in a hospital the following summer.

2. Estilo indirecto: órdenes y preguntas

• The police officer told me to stop.
• Alan asked me what I had done with my iPod.
• The driving instructor told me to turn left there.
• The gym instructor asked me if I wanted to water the plants, because he wouldn't be in a meeting.
• She asked me what I was thinking about.

3. Voz pasiva: presente y pasado

• It is made.
• It was written.
• They have been.
• It is being built.
• It must be shown.

4. Voz pasiva: transformaciones

• That novel was written at the beginning of the century by her.
• The school is being rebuilt after the hurricane.
• That boat was designed by my uncle.
• The painting will be finished next week.

5. Modales

• They may like the film, but I'm not sure.
• You shouldn't lie about breaking the windows.
• The students mustn't talk during the exam.
• He couldn't go home early.

6. Oraciones de relativo

Recuerda: en las oraciones defining no se usan comas; en las non-defining la información va entre comas y nunca se omite.

• Nick, who is a friend of my sister, is coming for lunch.
• The village, which I know very well, is a great place to go at the weekend.
• Geraldine Chaplin, whose father was the great actor Charlie Chaplin, speaks fluent Spanish.
• The film, which was nominated for an Oscar, is supposed to be very good.
• August, when many people go on holiday, is usually very hot.

7. Imperativos y modales

• Wake up.
• Hurry up.
• Don't practise.
• I could...

8. Oraciones condicionales

Tipo 1: if + presente, will + infinitivo. Tipo 2: if + pasado, would + infinitivo. Tipo 3: if + past perfect, would have + participio.

• If I hadn't had a lot of homework, I could go out.
• If I had sent an email to my friend, she wouldn't have got annoyed.
• If I lived in the city, I wouldn't need a car.
• I could use my computer if my parents weren't at home.

9. Presente simple, presente continuo y pasado

• What are you looking for?
• I was recording...
• They went...
• I was surfing...
• They come...
• He studies...
• We are staying...
• I don't know...

10. Preguntas (Wh-questions)

• Who starred in the film?
• Where are they working today?
• What were they doing when the principal came into the class?
• Do you love that singer?
• How long have you danced?

11. Marcadores temporales

• Just
• Yet
• Ever
• Ago
• For
• Since

12. Present perfect y pasado simple

• Have you seen...?
• I've got...
• It was...
• He went...
• She has lived...
• It was cold...

13. Futuro: be going to, present continuous y will

• I am meeting...
• It will be...
• I will see...
• They are playing...
• We are going to buy...

Resumen de tiempos verbales

Presente simple

Pistas: always, usually, sometimes, every day, etc.
Uso: acciones habituales y verdades universales.
Uso de futuro: horarios de trenes o buses.

Presente continuo

Pistas: now, at the moment, this.
Uso: acciones que se están realizando ahora.
Uso de futuro: planes fijos y citas futuras.

Pasado simple

Pistas: yesterday, when, ago, last.
Uso: acciones pasadas y terminadas.

Pasado continuo

Pistas: while, as.
Uso: acciones pasadas durativas o en proceso.

Present perfect

Pistas: how long, for, since, ever, yet, already, just.
Uso: acciones pasadas que continúan en el presente.

Present perfect continuo

I have been working: he trabajado (y sigo haciéndolo).

Past perfect

Uso: acciones más pasadas de todas. Ejemplo: había trabajado.

Be going to

Uso: predicciones basadas en evidencias presentes, o intenciones y planes no concretos.

Will

Pistas: I think, next, perhaps.
Uso: predicciones inciertas (opiniones, deseos), ofrecimientos espontáneos.

Futuro perfecto (will have)

Pista: by.

Oraciones de relativo

Pronombres: where, which, that, whose, when, who.
Defining: no llevan comas; who y which pueden sustituirse por that; la información es esencial.
Non-defining: van entre comas y nunca se omiten.

Oraciones condicionales

1. Tipo 1: if + presente, will + infinitivo.
2. Tipo 2: if + pasado, would + infinitivo.
3. Tipo 3: if + past perfect, would have + participio.

Modales

• Habilidad: can, could, be able to.
• Obligación: must.
• Prohibición: mustn't.
• Posibilidad: may, might.
• Consejo: should, ought to, had better.
• Certeza: must, can't.
• Necesidad: need.

Voz pasiva

Estructura: to be + participio.
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. → Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.

Reported speech

• Afirmaciones: S + said (that) + persona...
• Preguntas de sí/no: S + asked + persona + if/whether + S + V.
• Preguntas Wh-: S + asked + persona + wh- + S + V.