Inglés Marítimo: Vocabulario Náutico, Amarres y Anclaje

Inglés marítimo: vocabulario de amarres, maniobras y fondeo

1. Líneas de amarre y partes del buque

1. The line leading forward to the bow tug, from the bow, is called forward towing line.
2. The line leading at right angles to the centre line from the forecastle to the shore is called forward breast line.
3. The wire leading aft from the forecastle to the shore is called forward spring line.
4. The part of the vessel aft of the bridge, on the starboard side, is called starboard quarter.
5. The forward part of the vessel on the port side is called port bow.
6. The wire leading forward from the port quarter to the shore is called aft spring line.
7. The line leading at right angles to the centre line from the stern to the shore is called aft breast line.
8. The line leading aft from the stern to the shore is called stern line.
9. The line leading aft from the stern to the stern tug is called towing line.

10. On shore, lines and springs are made fast on bollards.
11. On a vessel, lines and springs are made fast on bitts.
12. To ensure the best route for a line, it passes through a fairlead at the vessel’s side.
13. Lines may be heaved tight by a capstan or a winch.
14. A windlass is used to heave up anchors.

2. Procedimiento de fondeo

Stand by port and starboard anchors for letting go.
Walk out the anchors.
Slack out the cables.
Walk back both anchors one and a half shackles.
Switch on the anchor lights.
Hoist the anchor ball.
Check the anchor position by bearings.
Stand by for heaving up.
Put the windlass in gear.
Stop heaving.

3. Componentes del molinete (windlass)

1. Storage part of the mooring drum (tambor de amarre)
2. Pulling section of the drum (sección de trabajo)
3. Brake band (freno)
4. Gear box (caja de engranajes)
5. Electro-hydraulic motor (motor hidráulico)
6. Warping head (halador)
7. Chain in the gypsy wheel (cadena en el barbotén)
8. Dog clutch (embrague de uñas)
9. Anchor (ancla)
10. Hawse pipe (escoben)
11. Spurling pipe (gatera)
12. Chain locker (caja de cadenas)
13. Chain stopper with security device (estopor)
15. Bollard (noray)
16. Guide roller (rodillo de guía)
17. Deck (cubierta)
18. Hatch to chain locker (escotilla de la caja de cadenas)
19. Bitts (bita)

4. Órdenes de maniobra

Half ahead (avante media), steady on zero seven zero (mantente rumbo 070), emergency full astern (atrás todo de emergencia), port, steer one zero five (pon rumbo 105), stand by engine (atentos máquinas), steady as she goes (mantén el rumbo), stop engine (paren máquinas), ease to twenty (levanta a 20), dead slow ahead (avante muy poco), hard a starboard (todo a estribor), finished with engine, no more manoeuvring (acabo con máquinas, no más maniobras), steady (derecho), bow thruster stop (para transversal de proa), finished with wheel, no more steering (acabo con timón, no más gobierno), stern thruster half to port (transversal de popa media a babor), meet her (aguanta), starboard ten (10 a estribor).

5. Criterios para elegir un fondeadero

1. Is the anchorage protected?
A good anchorage offers protection from the present weather conditions, and will also offer protection from the expected weather. The anchorage should also be suitable for other purposes; for example, proximity to shore is beneficial if the crew plans to land.

2. Is the seabed good holding ground?
Charts should indicate the type of bottom, and a sounding lead may be used to collect a sample from the bottom for analysis. Generally speaking, most anchors will hold well in sandy mud, mud and clay, or firm sand. Loose sand and soft mud are not desirable bottoms, especially soft mud, which should be avoided if at all possible. Rock, coral, and shale prevent anchors from digging in, although some anchors are designed to hook into such a bottom. Grassy bottoms may be good holding, but only if the anchor can penetrate the foliage.

3. What is the depth, tidal range, and the current tide state?
If the anchorage is affected by tide, tide ranges, as well as the times of high and low water, should be known. Enough depth is needed so that low tide does not present obstacles to where the vessel might swing. This is also important when determining scope, which should be figured for high tide and not the current tide state.

4. Is there enough room?
If the anchorage is affected by tide, one should keep in mind that the swing range will be larger at low tide than at high tide. However, no matter where the vessel is anchored, the largest possible swing range should be considered, as well as what obstacles and hazards might be within that range. Other vessels' swing ranges may overlap, presenting a further variable. Boats on permanent moorings, or shorter scope, may not swing as far as expected, or may swing either more rapidly or more slowly (all-chain cables tend to swing more slowly than all-rope or chain-and-rope cables).
There are techniques of anchoring to limit the swing of a vessel if the anchorage has limited room.