Inmersión Lingüística: Vocabulario Esencial y Estructuras Gramaticales Clave

Experiencia de Viaje y Repaso Gramatical Esencial

Relato de un Viaje a Galicia

I went to Galicia last year with my family. We went by car and our dog came with us. We stayed in the capital. Our hotel was really terrible; it was very expensive and was of poor quality. We visited the city and a lot of shops. My mother bought me some souvenirs. We went to the beach too. It was a beautiful beach, but I didn't swim because the water was very cold. After a week, we came home very happy. I recommend Galicia because it's a beautiful city, the people are friendly and the food is very good, but I don't recommend the hotel.

Conceptos Gramaticales y Vocabulario Clave

|||

Frases Interrogativas Básicas

• Where do you go... (dónde vas tú...) when you want... (cuando quieres...)

Pronombres Interrogativos (Wh- words)

• What (qué/cuál)
• Who (quién)
• When (cuándo)
• Where (dónde)
• Why (por qué)
• How (cómo/cuánto)

Adjetivos Descriptivos

• Fantastic (fantástico)
• Great (grandísimo, magnífico)
• Terrible (terrible)
• Awful (terrible)

Colocaciones y Verbos Comunes

Aprender a combinar verbos con sustantivos específicos (collocations) es fundamental:

• Take: an umbrella / a photo
• Get: up in the morning / an email
• Go: home / to the cinema / on holiday
• Have: dinner / a shower / children
• Do: sport / housework
• Play: the guitar / basketball / chess
• Meet: somebody for the first time / friends after class
• Make: a mistake / dinner / some friends after class

Preposiciones de Lugar y Direcciones

• Next to (al lado)
• Opposite (enfrente)
• Between (entre)
• On the corner (en la esquina)

Indicaciones de Dirección

• Turn right (gira a la derecha)
• Turn left (gira a la izquierda)
• Go straight on (sigue recto)

Ejemplo de Diálogo para Pedir Direcciones

EJEMPLO:

—Excuse me. Can you help me? (perdona, ¿puede ayudarme?)

—Sure. (seguro)

—Where's the bus station, please? (¿dónde está la estación de autobuses, por favor?)

—Go straight on (sigue recto) and turn right (y gira a la derecha). Turn right again (gira a la derecha otra vez) and it's on the left (y está a la izquierda).

—Thanks very much. (muchas gracias.)

—That's OK.

Estructura 'There is / There are'

Esta estructura se utiliza para indicar la existencia de algo.

Singular (Presente)

• Afirmativo: There is a TV.
• Negativo: There isn't a TV.
• Interrogativo: Is there a TV?
• Respuestas Cortas: Yes, there is / No, there isn't.

Plural (Presente)

• Afirmativo: There are two TVs.
• Negativo: There aren't two TVs.
• Interrogativo: Are there two TVs?
• Respuestas Cortas: Yes, there are / No, there aren't.

Nota: Con el pasado (Past Simple), se sustituye IS por WAS y ARE por WERE (e.g., There was a TV, There were two TVs).

Pronombres Personales (Sujeto y Objeto)

Es crucial diferenciar entre el pronombre que realiza la acción (Sujeto) y el que la recibe (Objeto).

Verbos Seguidos de Gerundio (Like + -ing)

Muchos verbos de preferencia o sentimiento son seguidos por la forma -ing del verbo (Gerundio).

• Regla General: verb + -ing
• Ejemplos:
  • read → reading
  • fly → flying
  • cycle → cycling (se elimina la 'e' final)
  • swim → swimming (se duplica la consonante)
  • shop → shopping (se duplica la consonante)

Futuro con 'Going to'

Se utiliza para expresar planes futuros o predicciones basadas en evidencia presente.

• Afirmativo: He's going to fly.
• Negativo: He isn't going to fly.
• Interrogativo: Is he going to fly?
• Respuestas Cortas: Yes, he is / No, he isn't.