Mastering Business Communication: Emails, Incoterms, and Trade Essentials

Emails

Advantages:

• It’s personal and easy to use.
• It can be used both within and between companies.
• It’s an effective way to communicate with people all over the world.
• It’s especially useful for short messages and for everyday correspondence.
• You can pick up your messages, even when you’re traveling.
• Messages are quickly and easily filed.

Disadvantages:

• Technical problems such as unexpected non-delivery of messages or attachments arriving in unreadable form.
• Non-technical disadvantages such as large amounts of junk mail.
• The lack of privacy and security.

Emails and Other Forms of Correspondence:

• Letter: personal and sensitive correspondence.
• Email: legal or insurance correspondence.
• Complete your correspondence with a covering letter.

Email Addresses:

• First part: surname and initial of the person you’re contacting, or the name of the department.
• Second part: after @, ISP or organization.
• Last part: domain name and the country from which the message was sent. e.g: .biz (business) .org (non-profit-making organization)

Incoterms

**Incoterms:** abbreviations that indicate which price is being quoted to the customer. These are established by the ICC. They are revised regularly. The main incoterms are in 4 groups, which are named after the first letter of the term.

• Group C: the seller covers only the costs listed to get the goods to a named destination.
• Group D: the seller carries all the costs and risks to get the goods to a named destination.
• Group E: the buyer pays all costs once the goods have left the seller's premises.
• Group F: the seller delivers the goods to a carrier who is appointed by the buyer.

• **Carriage Paid (C/P):** charges will be paid by the sender.
• **Carriage Forward (C/F):** charges will be paid by the receiver.

Common Abbreviations (TLA)

• CUL: see you later
• DIY: do it yourself
• DWAI: don't worry about it
• LOL: laughing out loud
• BBS: be back soon
• AYOR: at your own risk

Evaluation Test 4

1. **Quantitative barriers are:**

   Contingents, safeguard agreement

2. **Tariffs are:**

   Tax barriers. Governments establish customs duties, causing a rise in the domestic sales price of these products, which will decrease demand.

3. **If there were no barriers to imports, international trade would be governed by:**

   All answers are correct

4. **The majority of import barriers used by the European Union are:**

   Technical

5. **What were measures of equivalent effect?**

   A) and C) are correct

6. **The new approach directives:**

   Establish means of proof so that the factory can accredit the minimum safety requirements of its products with the directive.

7. **Choose the correct option:**

   The CE mark is not granted by any organization.

8. **Self-limitation agreements:**

   All answers are correct.

9. **Which statement is incorrect:**

   The means of payment that offers the most guarantees is the documentary remittance.

10. **Which statement is incorrect:**

    Conventional trade policy is the community's policy with third countries that are not geographically close and have no historical ties.

Evaluation Test 5

1. **If we want to know the origin of agricultural products, what method will we use to determine if there has been substantial transformation?:**

   Method of wholly obtained materials

2. **What method will we use to determine the origin of industrial products in which non-originating materials from the country of manufacture have been incorporated (30% of the total value), and the remaining 70% consists of national materials, labor, manufacturing costs, profits...?:**

   Value-added method.

3. **If we import fabrics and dyes and transform them into clothing using highly developed technology, what method will we use to establish whether the transformation has been sufficient to grant the products a different origin?:**

   Method of phase of the production process

4. **Which countries benefit from the Generalized System of Preferences when exporting products to the European Union?:**

   Certain developing countries

5. **When is FORM-A used?:**

   In imports of goods from certain developing countries to the European Union

6. **Who issues certificates of origin?:**

   The chambers of commerce

7. **What do we mean when we say «origin of goods»?:**

   The place where the goods were obtained or produced.

8. **Which of the following transformations are insufficient?:**

   All are correct.

9. **In which products will the ATR-1 certificate be used?:**