Tiempos verbales en inglés: uso, estructura y ejemplos prácticos

Simple Present (Presente simple)

📌 Usos (muy importantes)

• Rutinas: I wake up at 7.

• Hábitos: She drinks water every day.

• Hechos generales: Water boils at 100°C.

• Gustos, opiniones y emociones:
  I like music. / He hates math.

• Horarios y programas:
  The class starts at 8.

🧩 Estructura

✔ Afirmativa

Subject + base verb (+ s / + es en 3.ª persona)

Reglas de -s / -es

• play → plays

• go → goes

• study → studies

• watch → watches

❌ Negativa

Subject + do / does + not + base verb

• I do not like coffee (I don't like coffee)

• She does not play soccer (She doesn't play soccer)

⚠️ Error común:
❌ She doesn’t plays
✅ She doesn’t play

❓ Pregunta

Do / Does + subject + base verb?

• Do you like pizza?

• Does he live here?

⏰ Palabras clave

always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day/week/year, on Mondays

Present Continuous (Presente continuo)

📌 Usos

• Acción que ocurre ahora: She is reading a book right now.

• Situaciones temporales

• Cambios en progreso:
  She is getting better.

🧩 Estructura

Subject + am / is / are + verb-ing

✍️ Reglas -ing

• play → playing

• make → making

• run → running

• lie → lying

❌ Negativa

• She is not studying (She isn't studying)

• They are not working (They aren't working)

❓ Pregunta

• Are you listening?

• Is he sleeping?

⏰ Palabras clave

now, right now, at the moment, today

Simple Past (Pasado simple)

📌 Usos

• Acciones terminadas en el pasado

• Eventos específicos en el tiempo

🧩 Estructura

✔ Afirmativa

• Verbos regulares: verb + ed
  I worked yesterday.

❌ Negativa

Subject + did not + base verb

• I did not go (I didn't go)

• She did not study (She didn't study)

⚠️ Nunca pongas el verbo en pasado después de did / did not (usa la forma base del verbo).

❓ Pregunta

Did + subject + base verb?

• Did you finish?

• Did she call you?

⏰ Palabras clave

yesterday, last night/week/year, ago, in 2022

Past Continuous (Pasado continuo)

📌 Usos

• Acción en progreso en el pasado

• Dos acciones al mismo tiempo

• Acción larga interrumpida por una corta

🧩 Estructura

Subject + was / were + verb-ing

🧠 Ejemplos clave

• I was studying when you called.

• They were watching TV while I was cooking.

Simple Future (Futuro simple)

🔹 Will

📌 Usos

• Decisiones espontáneas

• Promesas

• Predicciones sin evidencia

👉 Subject + will + verb

• I will help you.

• It will rain someday.

❌ Negativa: will not (won’t)
❓ Pregunta: Will you come?

🔹 Going to

📌 Usos

• Planes ya decididos

• Predicciones con evidencia

👉 am / is / are + going to + verb

• I am going to study.

• Look at the clouds! It’s going to rain.

Gonna / Wanna (inglés informal)

⚠️ Solo en lenguaje hablado

Ejemplos:

• I’m gonna sleep.

• I wanna eat.

❌ Nunca en exámenes formales.

Tag Questions

🔹 Ejemplos por tiempo

• Simple present:
  You like coffee, don’t you?

• Present continuous:
  She is studying, isn’t she?

• Simple past:
  They went home, didn’t they?

• Will:
  You will help me, won’t you?

• Going to:
  He is going to leave, isn’t he?

Errores comunes

• ❌ She don’t like → ✅ She doesn’t like

• ❌ Did you went? → ✅ Did you go?

• ❌ He is gonna study (en examen) → ✅ He is going to study