Condicionales en inglés: tipos 0, 1, 2, 3 y mixtos con ejemplos y frases de práctica

Oraciones condicionales en inglés

Tipos de condicionales

0 Conditional (verdades generales)

If + Present Simple, + Present Simple

If I cry, I have a headache.

1st Conditional (situaciones probables)

If + Present Simple, + Will + infinitive

If it rains, then we will stay at home.

2nd Conditional (situaciones imposibles o improbables)

If + Past Simple, + Would + infinitive

If I won a million dollars, I would buy a new car (si ganara un millón de euros, yo compraría un coche).

3rd Conditional (situaciones imaginarias en el pasado)

If + Past Perfect, + Would + have + past participle

If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (si ella hubiera estudiado, habría aprobado el examen).

Mixed Conditionals

Combinan tiempos de distintos condicionales.

• 2 + 3 (imaginación): If I had bought this house, we would live here (si hubiera comprado esta casa, viviríamos aquí).
• 3 + 2 (pasado con consecuencia actual): If I had looked at the map, I wouldn't be lost (si hubiera mirado el mapa, no estaría perdido).
• 2 + 3 con "were": If I were you, I wouldn't have taken a taxi (si yo fuera tú, no habría tomado un taxi).

Conectores y expresiones condicionales

• as long as: mientras / siempre que
• even if: incluso si / aunque
• provided that: siempre que
• unless: a no ser que

Expresiones de deseo

• I wish + past simple: ojalá (presente/futuro irreal). Ej.: I wish I saw... (ojalá viera...)
• If only + past simple: si tan solo. Ej.: If only I spoke... (si tan solo hablara...)

Transformación de frases

1. "Why don't we play computer games?" said Michael. (suggested)
   Michael suggested that we play computer games.
2. "Are you coming to the party on Friday?" she said. (asked)
   She asked me if I was coming to the party on Friday.
3. They came to live in New York two years ago. (have)
   They have lived in New York for two years.
4. Smoking is forbidden in hospitals. (mustn't)
   You mustn't smoke in hospitals.
5. Although the weather was horrible, we went skiing. (in spite of)
   In spite of the horrible weather, we went skiing.
6. I would like to have more free time these days. (wish)
   I wish I had more free time these days.
7. I met that famous writer a year ago. (been)
   It has been a year since I met that famous writer.
8. Wendy didn't study for her test. Therefore, she failed. (if)
   If Wendy had studied for her test, she wouldn't have failed.
9. "Don't speak so loud, please," she said to the students. (asked)
   She asked the students not to speak so loud.
10. We won't buy that house because we don't have enough money. (As)
    As we don't have enough money, we won't buy that house.
11. That man's brother is my new English teacher. (whose)
    That is the man whose brother is my new English teacher.
12. Steve advised me to tell Paul about it. (suggested)
    Steve suggested that I tell Paul about it.
13. I didn't make a note in my diary, so I forgot about it. (if)
    If I had made a note in my diary, I wouldn't have forgotten about it.
14. She lost the race in spite of running well. (although)
    Although she ran well, she lost the race.
15. It's possible that her boyfriend is coming to the wedding. (may)
    Her boyfriend may be coming to the wedding.
16. My new neighbours have got a baby. Her name is Wendy. (whose)
    My new neighbours have got a baby whose name is Wendy.
17. Although Orson was over seventy, he continued to cycle to work every day. (despite)
    Despite being over seventy, Orson continued to cycle to work every day.
18. I haven't read a play by George Bernard Shaw for eight years. (since)
    It is eight years since I read a play by George Bernard Shaw.