Dominio de los Condicionales, Wish y Reported Speech en Inglés

Second Conditional

Se refiere a una situación hipotética y se forma según la estructura: if + past simple + simple conditional.

Estructura: If + past simple + would/could/might + verb

• If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
  Si ganara la lotería, viajaría por todo el mundo.

Third Conditional

El Third Conditional (también conocido como Type III) se refiere a una situación hipotética del pasado y se forma según la estructura: if + past perfect + conditional perfect.

Estructura: If + past perfect + would/could/might + have + past participle

• If I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world.
  Si yo hubiera ganado la lotería, habría viajado por todo el mundo.

Uso de Wish

Wish + Past Simple

Se usa para expresar un deseo sobre una situación irreal presente.

• I wish I were rich (but I am not).
  Ojalá fuera rico (pero no lo soy).

Wish + Past Perfect

Se usa para expresar un deseo frustrado sobre el pasado.

• I wish I had learned English when I was younger.
  Ojalá hubiera aprendido inglés cuando era más joven.

Wish + Would

Se usa para expresar desagrado o irritación sobre algo que sucede y que probablemente no se pueda remediar.

• I wish you would stop making that noise.
  Ojalá dejaras de hacer ese ruido.

Ciertas palabras nos permiten expresar condiciones: unless, if, provided, providing.

Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

El reported speech se utiliza para contar lo que alguien dijo anteriormente.

• Direct speech: "I'm going to the cinema", he said.
• Indirect speech: He said he was going to the cinema.

Tabla de cambios en los tiempos verbales

• Present simple → Past simple: She said, "It's cold" → She said it was cold.
• Present continuous → Past continuous: She said, "I'm teaching English online" → She said she was teaching English online.
• Present perfect simple → Past perfect simple: She said, "I've been on the web since 1999" → She said she had been on the web since 1999.
• Present perfect continuous → Past perfect continuous: She said, "I've been teaching English" → She said she had been teaching English.
• Past simple → Past perfect: She said, "I taught online yesterday" → She said she had taught online yesterday.
• Past continuous → Past perfect continuous: She said, "I was teaching earlier" → She said she had been teaching earlier.
• Past perfect → Past perfect (No change): She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived" → No change.
• Past perfect continuous → Past perfect continuous (No change): She said, "I'd already been..." → No change.