Dominio de la Gramática Inglesa: Estructuras y Reglas Esenciales

1. Voz Activa y Pasiva

• He writes a book - A book is written
• He is writing a book - A book is being written
• He wrote a book - A book was written
• He was writing a book - A book was being written
• He has written a book - A book has been written
• He had written a book - A book had been written
• He will write a book - A book will be written

2. Oraciones Relativas (Relative Clauses)

• Defining (especificativas): Información imprescindible. Se usa that/which. Ejemplo: The man whose dog has bitten you.
• Non-defining (explicativas): Información no esencial, requiere comas. Ejemplo: The workers, who had gone on strike, were fired.

3. Expresión de Finalidad (Purpose)

• Sujeto principal = Sujeto subordinado (afirmativa): to + infinitivo.
• Sujeto principal = Sujeto subordinado (negativa): in order not to.
• Sujeto principal distinto al subordinado: in order that.

Finalidad según el tiempo verbal:

• Presente/Futuro: Bring it here so that he can see it.
• Pasado: I left the room so that they could speak.

4. Oraciones Condicionales

• Probables (First Conditional): If + present simple + oración principal en futuro, imperativo o verbo modal. If it rains, I'll stay at home.
• Improbables (Second Conditional): If I came across a gorilla, I should run away.
• Imposibles (Third Conditional): If you had studied harder, you wouldn't have failed.
• Posibilidad remota: If you should come across my sister, tell her I'm all right.
• Inversión: If I were an architect = Were I an architect.
• Equivalencia: Unless = If not.

5. Estilo Directo e Indirecto (Reported Speech)

• I am happy → He said he was happy.
• I sleep → He said he slept.
• I am feeling happy → He said he was feeling happy.
• I was happy → He said he had been happy.
• I have been happy → He said he had been happy.
• I will be happy → He said he would be happy.
• I can sleep → He said he could sleep.
• I may sleep → He said he might sleep.
• I must sleep → He said he had to sleep.

Preguntas y Peticiones:

• Where do Susan and Ann work? → He asked me where Susan worked.
• Do you speak German? → He asked me if I spoke German.
• Please help me → He asked me to help him.
• Please, do me a favour → I begged her to do me a favour.
• Expresión de satisfacción: He showed his satisfaction when he tried the dish.