Ejercicios Prácticos de Refraseo y Transformación Gramatical en Inglés
Estructuras de Refraseo (Rephrasing) en Inglés
A continuación, presentamos una serie de transformaciones gramaticales esenciales para dominar el refraseo en inglés, muy útiles para exámenes oficiales.
Voz Activa y Voz Pasiva
Voz activa:
They brought a present for Jim.
Voz pasiva:
Jim... was brought a beautiful present.
Voz Pasiva Causativa
Voz activa:
The doctor is testing my eyes next Friday.
Voz pasiva con "have" causative:
I... am having my eyes tested next Friday.
Estilo Directo e Indirecto
Estilo directo:
"I made this cake", said Tom to his friend.
Estilo indirecto:
Tom... told his friend that he had made that cake.
Unión de Oraciones y Conectores
Unir Dos Oraciones con Pronombre Relativo
Beth was very happy. She had passed all her exams.
Con pronombre relativo:
Beth... , who had passed all her exams, was very happy.
Unir Dos Oraciones con Conjunción
To me, this scenery is desolate. Yet, to them it is rich.
Con conjunción:
Although... to me, this scenery is desolate, to them it is rich.
Unir Dos Oraciones con Condicional
He didn't bring his ID card. He couldn't enter.
If... he had brought his ID card, he could have entered.
Condicional con 'Unless'
If he doesn't phone, he won't come with us.
Condicional con unless:
Unless... he phones, he won't come with us.
Modales, Subjuntivo y Verbos
Uso de los Verbos Modales
It is possible to control a fear of flying.
Verbo modal:
You... can control a fear of flying.
El Subjuntivo
"Why don't you call me tomorrow?", he said.
He... suggested (that) I call / should call him the following day.
Verbos Seguidos de Infinitivo o Gerundio
Jim doesn't smoke anymore.
Gerundio o infinitivo:
Jim... stopped / gave up smoking.
Adjetivos, Adverbios y Grados
Uso de 'So' y 'Such'
He was very angry. He shouted at me.
He... was so angry that he shouted at me.
Uso de 'Too' y 'Enough'
The ticket was too expensive for him to pay.
not + adjetivo + enough:
The ticket... wasn't cheap enough for him to pay.
Comparativo y Superlativo
She was very fast. No one won her.
Nobody hired him because he was too old.
comparativo / superlativo:
She... was the fastest. No one won her.
If... he had been younger, he would have been hired.
Tiempos Verbales y Otras Estructuras
Simple Past a Present Perfect
I got an e-mail from him two months ago.
Present perfect (continuous) (con "since" o "for"):
He... hasn't sent me an e-mail for two months.
Deseos y Lamentaciones
I regret I wasn't there when she arrived.
I wish / If only:
I wish... / If only... I had been there when she arrived.
Verbo en Negativa con 'Any' y Afirmativa con 'No'
We haven't seen anybody around here.
Verbo en afirmativa seguido de "no" o sus compuestos:
We... have seen nobody / no one around here.
Estructura 'It's the First Time'
He had never been in India before.
It's the first time + have + past participle:
It's... the first time he has been in India.
Concesivas: Despite / In spite of
Although he tried hard, he finally had to give up.
Despite / In spite of:
Despite... trying hard, he finally had to give up.
Despite the fact that he tried hard, he finally had to give up.
Pasado con Adverbio de Frecuencia
At that time I usually slept three hours a night.
used to / would:
At that time... I used to / would sleep three hours a night.
Presente con Frecuencia
They usually take the bus to go to work.
be used to:
They... are used to taking the bus to go to work.
Preferencias con 'Would Rather'
I would prefer her to come alone.
I... would rather she came alone.
Consejos
It's advisable that you reserve in advance.
should / had better:
You... should / had better reserve in advance.