Resumen Completo de Gramática Inglesa: De Tiempos Verbales a Voz Pasiva

Tiempos Verbales y Estructuras Esenciales en Inglés

Present Continuous (Presente Continuo)

Se utiliza para acciones que están ocurriendo en este mismo instante.

• Afirmativa: She is singing now.
• Negativa: She isn't singing now.
• Interrogativa: Is she singing now?

Past Continuous (Pasado Continuo)

Se utiliza para acciones que estaban ocurriendo en el pasado. Ejemplo: Yo estaba leyendo/montando.

• Afirmativa: I was riding.
• Negativa: I wasn't riding.
• Interrogativa: Was I riding?

Expresiones temporales: Yesterday morning, ago, at, last night...

Present Simple (Presente Simple)

Se utiliza para cosas que pasan diariamente (rutinas).

• Afirmativa: He gets up early every day.
• Negativa: He doesn't get up early every day.
• Interrogativa: Does he get up early every day?

Past Simple (Pasado Simple)

Se utiliza para acciones finalizadas en el pasado.

• Afirmativa: I visited Bea last night.
• Negativa: I didn't visit Bea last night.
• Interrogativa: Did I visit Bea last night?

Expresiones temporales: In the past, ago...

Present Perfect Simple (Presente Perfecto)

• Afirmativa: I have talked.
• Negativa: I haven't talked.
• Interrogativa: Have I talked?

Adverbios y conectores:

• Ever: alguna vez.
• Never: nunca jamás.
• Already: ya.
• Just: acabo de.
• Yet: todavía, aún, ya.
• Since: desde.
• Lately: últimamente.
• General time: varias veces.
• So far: hasta el momento.

Comparativos y Superlativos Irregulares

• Good - better - the best
• Bad - worse - worst
• Far - farther - farthest
• Little - less - least

To Be Going To

Se utiliza para planes o decisiones y para lo que va a suceder porque se ven intenciones claras.

• Afirmativa: I'm going to run.
• Negativa: I'm not going to run.

First Conditional (Primer Condicional)

Se refiere a acciones que se cumplen si ocurre una acción previa. Ejemplo: Si tú estudias, aprobarás el examen.

• If you study, you will pass the exam.
• I will stay home if I don't finish my homework.

Modals: Can / Could

Expresan habilidad o posibilidad (Yo puedo/sé nadar; yo podía/sabía nadar).

• Afirmativa: I can swim / I could swim.
• Negativa: I can't swim / I couldn't swim.
• Interrogativa: Can I swim?

Modals: Should / Shouldn't

Significa debería (consejo).

• You should call your parents.
• They shouldn't send so many text messages.
• Should I buy a new mobile phone?

Modals: Must / Mustn't

• You must turn off your phones (Debes apagar los teléfonos).
• They mustn't use the mobile phone here (No debéis usar los teléfonos aquí).
• Must we use the mobile phones here? (¿Debemos usar los teléfonos aquí?).

Have to / Don't have to

• I have to go (Tengo que ir).
• I don't have to go (No tengo que ir).
• Do I have to go? (¿Tengo que ir?).

Passive Voice (Voz Pasiva)

Estructura:

• Present: am / is / are + 3ª columna (participio).
• Past: was / were + 3ª columna (participio).

Ejemplos:

• Sara's novel is written in French.
• Cars aren't designed to transport big boxes (Los coches no están preparados para transportar grandes cajas).
• What is said in this article? (¿Qué se dice en este artículo?).

Transformaciones:

• They opened a shop a few days ago → A shop was opened a few days ago.
• Many people visit London every day → London is visited every day by many people.