Essential English Vocabulary and Future Tenses Masterclass

Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Reference

Vocabulary Sections

Verbs

depend on / die out / pollute / recycle / starve / throw away / waste

campaign / destroy / discover / harm / invent / solve / survive

Compound Nouns

• air pollution
• climate change
• endangered species
• health risk
• ozone layer
• renewable energy
• rubbish dump
• traffic fumes

Making a Difference

find a solution / look after / make a difference / news / notice / protect / protest / raise money / sign a petition / sponsor / volunteer / work together

Noun Suffixes

• able ➔ ability
• build ➔ building
• congratulate ➔ congratulations
• cycle ➔ cycling
• decide ➔ decision
• enjoy ➔ enjoyment
• govern ➔ government
• inconvenient ➔ inconvenience
• inform ➔ information
• peaceful ➔ peacefulness
• pollute ➔ pollution
• real ➔ reality
• unhappy ➔ unhappiness

Nouns

danger / information / organization / politics / threat

Adjectives

healthy / impossible / natural / unfair / wasteful

Phrasal Verbs

cut down on / deal with / face up to / run out / stand up for

Idioms and Expressions

do your bit / knock-on effect of / make a difference to / raise awareness of / take action

Future Forms

1. Will

Structure:

• Affirmative: I/he/she/we/you/they + will + infinitive. Example: I'll come back tomorrow.
• Negative: I/he/she/etc. + will not (won't) + infinitive. Example: James will not (won't) be here next year.
• Questions: Will + I/he/she/etc. + infinitive? Example: Will Holly pass her last exam?

2. Going to

Structure:

• Affirmative: I'm / he's / she's / it's / we're / you're / they're + going to + infinitive. Example: Holly's going to live on a space station.
• Negative: I'm not / he isn't / she isn't / it isn't / we aren't / you aren't / they aren't + going to + infinitive. Example: They aren't going to pass their exams.
• Questions: Am I / Is he / Is she / Is it / Are we / Are you / Are they + going to + infinitive? Example: Is she going to visit her friends in the USA?

3. Future Continuous

Structure:

• Affirmative: I/he/she/we/they/you + will + be + -ing. Example: Holly will be living on a space station.
• Negative: I/he/she/we/you/they + won't + be + -ing. Example: I won't be studying tomorrow night.
• Questions: Will + I/he/she/we/they/you + be + -ing? Example: Will she be living with you all summer?

4. Future Perfect

Structure:

• Affirmative: I/she/he/we/they/you + will + have + past participle. Example: I'll have finished lunch by five o'clock.
• Negative: I/he/she/we/they/you + won't + have + past participle. Example: I won't have finished my homework.
• Questions: Will + I/he/she/we/they/you + have + past participle? Example: Will they have arrived by the time I get there?