Evitar el plagio en inglés: parafraseo, citas y resumen académico

AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

• Three ways to use other’s work in our own:

  • Summarizing: reduce entire work and its main ideas to one or two sentences; significantly shorter.

  • Paraphrase: use your own words to give details, examples or secondary ideas from a work; almost equal in length.

  • Quote: use the author’s exact words to give very specific details or examples; exact same length (unless you elide some information, in which case use “[...]”).

  • USE SPARINGLY: Activity 9.2, p. 88

    • Specific vocabulary or idea that is difficult to paraphrase.

    • Controversial view or idea you want to distance yourself from.

    • A definition or short phrase that can’t be paraphrased.

    • To maintain style of original.

• Two types of plagiarism that are easy to commit in a paraphrase. Activity 5.2, pp. 114-5, Paraphrase Analysis

• • Word-for-word: Large chunks of your paraphrase are exactly like the original.

  • Patchwork: short chunks are exactly the same, spread out through your paper.

• Three things to change to avoid plagiarism in a paraphrase:

  • Syntax: change active to passive.

  • Vocabulary: do not use any of the same words.

  • Conceptual order: change the order of the ideas in the paraphrase, without changing meaning.

AS-CLAUSES

• Acknowledging others’ work: “As indicated in the study carried out by Ballesteros…”; Activity 3, p. 92

• Reason clauses: used in the same way as given that, due to, since.

• Denoting similar things: “Studying helps you learn, as does coming to class.”; Activity 4, p. 121

PARAGRAPH ORGANIZATION

• Within paragraphs, give information a clear order according to purpose. Activity 8.2, p. 117

  • Classification

    • Define the thing to be classified, give the number and name of categories.

    • Define Category 1.

    • Give examples and details of Category 1.

    • Repeat with other categories.

• Problem-Solution

  • Introduce the problem and mention solutions.

  • Give details of Solution 1.

  • Evaluate Solution 1.

  • Repeat with other solutions.

WHEN TO PARAPHRASE: When we want to discuss a specific idea, evidence or example. We use our own wording.

WRITING

REPORT. THESIS STATEMENT + TOPIC SENTENCES

SAY: Agreed that, describes a solution, proposes, claims, states, finds, elaborates, explains, discusses.

INTRO

This report is intended to present...

The purpose of this study/report is to explore how...

MONOLINGUAL EDUCATION

The first aspect to consider is... As it is usual... Yet, another aspect to take into account is...

BILINGUAL EDUCATION

In the first place... However, it is characterized by offering a great variety of... Such as... On top of that...

KEY TO CHOOSE (RECOMMENDATIONS)

Bullet points.

CONCLUSION

If these recommendations are implemented...

To conclude, it is important to highlight the benefits of both programs for students. However, each offers different advantages that should be taken into consideration in order to...

CONNECTORS TO USE

• A number of concerns with regard to... were expressed by...
• Following a survey among families...
• The results of the survey/questionnaire suggest that...
• would seem to be the best option/choice...
• Overall, it might be concluded that...
• The way in which...
• Recent studies have shown that...
• For example, ____ (2012) demonstrates that...

VERBS

scrutinize, mediate, detrimental, unprepared, increase, such a significant, daily arrival of ____ has brought a negative/positive impact on, make profit, to reach a peak, remain stable, there is/has a tendency to, shows a consistent tendency to..., to illustrate.

NOUNS

chart, number, figure, statistics, survey, population, measurements, sample, accuracy

ADJECTIVES

Drastic, dramatic, steady, drop, decrease, decline.