Friendship, Festivals and Reported Speech: Vocabulary and Grammar in English

Vocabulary: Friendship & Relationships

· Backing each other up: ayudarse / apoyarse

· To look out for: cuidar

· Fall out: pelearse

· Split up: separarse

· Hurt your friend's feelings: herir los sentimientos de tus amigos

· Finish with them: acabar con él/ella

· Gossip about: cotillear

· Talk behind their back: hablar a sus espaldas

· Let them down: dejar tirado/a

· Upset: molesto/a

· Make up: reconciliarse / hacer las paces

· Rely on: confiar en

· Count on: contar con

· Loyal: leal

· Trust / rely on: confianza

· Reliable / trustworthy: de fiar

· Tell a secret: contarle un secreto

Vocabulary: Festivals & Celebrations

· Bonfire: hoguera

· Costume: disfraz / traje regional

· Dressing up: disfrazarse

· Feast: fiesta / festín

· Firework display: espectáculo de fuegos artificiales

· Get-together: reunirse

· Harvest: cosecha

· Lantern: farolillo / farol

· Mask: máscara

· Onlookers: espectadores

· Parade: desfile / cabalgata

· Roots: raíces

Grammar: Reported Speech

Structure: he said + he...

Tense and modal changes

1. Present simple to past simple (add -ed or use the past form)
   I like watching movies → She said she liked watching movies.
2. Past simple to past perfect (had + past participle)
   I was a little kid once → He said he had been a kid once.
3. Past perfect stays the same
   I had finished my breakfast when you called → Aleix said he had finished his breakfast when you had called.
4. Will to would
   I will go to the gym → She said she would go to the gym.
5. Would = would / could = could
   I would fly if I could → He said he would fly if he could.
6. Present continuous to past continuous
   I am working on a project → He said he was working on a project.
7. Must to had to
   I must go to school → She said she had to go to school.
8. Present perfect to past perfect
   I have worked in construction for 2 years → She said she had worked in construction.
9. Present perfect continuous to past perfect continuous
   We have been waiting for 1 hour → They said they had been waiting.
10. Past continuous to past perfect continuous
    We were living in Paris → She said they had been living in Paris.
11. Future continuous to conditional continuous
    I'll be calling you soon → James said he would be calling me soon.

Time and place expressions