Gramática Inglesa: Modales, Pasado Simple, Gerundio e Infinitivo con Vocabulario de Fitness, Moda y Nutrición
Verbos Modales
Should
| Afirmativa | Subject + should + base verb | You should eat healthy food. |
| Negativa | Subject + should not + base verb | You shouldn’t be late. |
| Pregunta | Should + subject + base verb | Should we start now? |
Could
| Afirmativa | Subject + could + base verb | She could dance well. |
| Negativa | Subject + could not + base verb | I couldn’t hear you. |
| Pregunta | Could + subject + base verb | Could you open the door? |
Must
| Afirmativa | Subject + must + base verb | You must attend the meeting. |
| Negativa | Subject + must not + base verb | She mustn’t park here. |
| Pregunta | Must + subject + base verb | Must we leave now? |
Mustn't (Must Not)
| Negativa | Subject + must not + base verb | You mustn’t tell anyone. |
Pasados
Past Simple
| Afirmativa | Subject + verb in past form | They visited Rome. |
| Negativa | Subject + did not + base verb | She didn’t see the movie. |
| Pregunta | Did + subject + base verb | Did you call him? |
Past Continuous
| Afirmativa | Subject + was/were + verb-ing | I was listening to music. |
| Negativa | Subject + was/were not + verb-ing | He wasn’t working. |
| Pregunta | Was/Were + subject + verb-ing | Were they studying? |
Vocabulario: Fitness
Get fit: forman jarri
Team: taldea
Heart: bihotza
Muscles: giharrak
Gym: gimnasioa
Fitness trainer: entrenatzailea
Bones: hezurrak
Gain weight: pisua hartu (loditu)
Injuries: lesioak
Dietician: dietista
Lose weight: pisua galdu (argaldu)
(Running) track: korrika egiteko pista
Fresh air: aire freskoa
Exercise: kirola egin
Vocabulario: Moda
Handbag: bolsoa
Sunglasses: eguzkiko betaurrekoak
Nail varnish: pintauñak
Wallet: kartera
Phone case: mugikor funda
Bracelet: pultsera
Tights: mediak
Purse: monedero
Watch: erlojua
Make-up: makillajea
Earrings: belarritakoak
Necklace: kolarea
Belt: gerrikoa
Hoodie: sudadera
Ring: eraztuna
Gramática: ¿Gerundio o Infinitivo?
(-ing)
Gerundio
- Como sujeto
- Después de preposiciones
- Después de algunas expresiones (feel like, don't mind)
- Después de algunos verbos (enjoy, finish, keep)
Infinitivo
- Después de un adjetivo
- Después de algunos verbos (want, hope, learn, plan)
Vocabulario: Nutrición
Nutrition: elikadura
Healthy lifestyle: bizi-ohitura osasuntsua
Carbohydrates: karbohidratoak
Calories: kaloriak
Unhealthy: osasuntsua ez dena
Protein: proteinak
Sugar: azukrea
Processed food: janari prozesatua
Liquid: likidoa
Balanced diet: dieta orekatua
Fats: koipeak
Vitamins: bitaminak
Caffeine: kafeina
Estilo Indirecto
1. María likes apples.
María said she liked apples.
2. John is going to the store.
John said he was going to the store.
3. I am tired.
She said she was tired.
Gerundio e Infinitivo: Explicación
Gerundio
Como sujeto de una oración:
- Swimming is a good exercise.
- Reading helps you learn new things.
Como complemento de una preposición:
- She is good at dancing.
- He is interested in learning Spanish.
Como objeto de un verbo:
- I enjoy cooking.
- They discussed moving to a new city.
Infinitivo
Para indicar propósito o intención:
- I went to the store to buy some groceries.
- She called me to ask for help.
Después de adjetivos:
- It’s important to drink water.
- He was happy to see his friends.
Como objeto de un verbo:
- I want to travel the world.
- They decided to stay home.
Ejemplos de comparación
- Gerundio como objeto de un verbo:
I enjoy running. - Infinitivo como objeto de un verbo:
I want to run. - Gerundio después de una preposición:
She is good at drawing. - Infinitivo después de un adjetivo:
It’s easy to draw.