Gramática Inglesa: Tiempos Verbales, Conectores y Vocabulario Esencial

Tiempos verbales en inglés

Present simple

Se usa con: every, never, always, sometimes...

• Afirmativa: sujeto + verbo (3.ª persona con -s)
• Negativa: sujeto + verbo + do/does + not
• Pregunta: how + do/does + sujeto + verbo (sin -s)

Present continuous

• Afirmativa: sujeto + am/is/are + verbo (1.ª columna + ing)
• Negativa: sujeto + am/is/are + not + verbo + ing
• Pregunta: how + am/is/are + sujeto + verbo + ing

Simple past

• Afirmativa: sujeto + verbo (irregular o regular + -ed, 2.ª columna)
• Negativa: sujeto + didn't + verbo (1.ª columna)
• Pregunta: how + did + sujeto + verbo (1.ª columna) / did + sujeto + verbo (1.ª columna)

Past continuous

• Afirmativa: sujeto + was/were + verbo (1.ª columna + ing)
• Negativa: sujeto + wasn't/weren't + verbo + ing
• Pregunta: how + was/were + sujeto + verbo + ing

Future (will)

• Afirmativa: sujeto + will + verbo (1.ª columna)
• Negativa: sujeto + won't + verbo (1.ª columna)
• Pregunta: how + will + sujeto + verbo (1.ª columna)

Present perfect

Se usa con: lately, yet, already, since, so far...

• Afirmativa: sujeto + have/has + verbo (3.ª columna)
• Negativa: sujeto + haven't/hasn't + verbo (3.ª columna).... + yet
• Pregunta: how + have/has + sujeto + verbo (3.ª columna)

Past perfect

• Afirmativa: sujeto + had + verbo (irregular o regular + -ed, 3.ª columna)
• Negativa: sujeto + hadn't + verbo (3.ª columna)
• Pregunta: had + sujeto + verbo (3.ª columna)

Voz pasiva

Formas simples

• Presente: write → is written
• Pasado: wrote → was written
• Futuro: will write → will be written

Formas continuas

• Presente: are writing → is being written
• Pasado: were writing → was being written

Formas perfectas

• Presente: have written → has been written
• Pasado: had written → had been written

Conectores

• Mientras: When, As, While, Whereas, Just as
• En cuanto: As soon as
• Antes: Before
• Después: After
• Hasta: Until, Till
• Aunque: Although, Even though, Though
• A pesar de: In spite of, Despite... que + the fact that
• Sin embargo: However
• Debido a: Because of
• Así que: And so
• Como resultado: As a result
• Por lo tanto: Therefore
• Tan... que: So... that, Such that
• Para: To, In order (not) to, So as (not) to, For
• Para que: So that
• En caso: In case
• Donde: Where, Wherever
• Como si: As if, As though
• Similar: Like
• Además: Besides, Furthermore, In addition, Moreover, Similarly, Else
• Así como: As well as
• También: Also, Too
• Por ejemplo: For example, For instance
• Como: Such as, Like, Including
• Tampoco: Either
• Ninguno: Neither
• Si: Whether
• Si no: Otherwise
• Likewise: De la misma manera
• Para empezar: To begin with
• Entonces: Then, Next
• Una vez: Once
• Finalmente: In the end, Finally, At last
• Eventualmente: Eventually
• Ante todo: First of all
• Primero: First, Firstly (lugar)
• Al principio: At the beginning
• No solo... pero también: Not only... but also
• Ambos: Both

Will y going to

Will

Usamos will para hablar sobre:

• Decisiones en el momento de hablar: "The window is open. I will close it."
• Predicciones generales: "It will rain next week." / "You won't like it here."

Afirmativa: I/He/She/It/We... will learn (sujeto + will + infinitivo)
Negativa: I/He/She/It/We... won't learn
Preguntas: Will I/He/She/It/We... learn?

Going to

Usamos going to para hablar sobre:

• Intenciones futuras o planes cuando las decisiones ya han sido tomadas: "I'm going to get a job next year."
• Predicciones con evidencias visibles en el presente: "Listen to the wind! There's going to be a storm."

Afirmativa:
I am going to swim
He/She/It is going to swim
We/You/They are going to swim

Negativa:
I am not going to swim
He/She/It isn't going to swim
We/You/They aren't going to swim

Preguntas:
Am I going to swim?
Is he/she/it going to swim?
Are we/you/they going to swim?

Verbos irregulares

Vocabulario: ropa y accesorios

• a baseball cap: jockey
• belt: cinturón
• backpack: mochila
• briefcase: maletín
• purse: cartera / bolso
• socks: calcetines
• bracelet: pulsera
• ring: anillo
• necklace: collar
• earrings: aros / pendientes
• coat: abrigo / chaqueta
• boots: botas
• hat: gorro / sombrero
• scarf: bufanda
• gloves: guantes
• tie: corbata
• silver: plata
• skirt: falda
• blouse: blusa
• suit: traje
• t-shirt: polera / camiseta
• high heels: zapatos de tacón alto
• outfit: conjunto / mi estilo