Gramática y Vocabulario en Inglés: Resumen Completo de Tiempos Verbales y Estructuras Esenciales

Estructuras Gramaticales y Vocabulario Esencial en Inglés

Tiempos Verbales en Presente y Pasado

Present Simple (Presente Simple)

• Affirmative and Negative: Play o don't play. He/She/It plays o doesn't play.
• Questions: Do I read? y Yes, I do / No, I don't. Does He/She/It read? y Yes, he does / No, he doesn't.
• Palabras interrogativas (Wh-):
  • How: Cómo
  • What: Qué
  • When: Cuándo
  • Where: Dónde
  • Why: Por qué

Past Simple (Pasado Simple)

• Regular verbs (Affirmative): Añade -ed al verbo.
• Irregular verbs: Utilizar la forma del verbo irregular correspondiente.
• Question: Todas iguales con Did. Ejemplo: Did I visit the Gávea Rock? (Se usa Did y el verbo se mantiene en su forma base).
• Wh- questions: Why did the Incas leave Machu Picchu? (Respuesta: Because there was a war).
• Negative: Se forma con didn't y el verbo en su forma base.

Present Continuous (Presente Continuo)

• Se forma con el sujeto seguido del verbo to be correspondiente (Am / Is / Are) y el verbo principal con terminación -ing.

Past Continuous (Pasado Continuo)

• Affirmative and Negative: I/He/She/It WAS... Las demás formas utilizan WERE y en negativo weren't. El verbo principal termina en -ing.
• Questions: Comienzan con el auxiliar correspondiente seguido del sujeto y el verbo en -ing. Ejemplos: Was I hiding? o Were you hiding?
• Wh- questions: Ejemplos: Where were you going? o What were they doing at 9 p.m.?

Verbos Modales y Estructuras Auxiliares

Could

• Affirmative: Utilizando could.
• Negative: Couldn't.
• Question: Could you climb?
• Answers: Afirmativa (Yes, I could), Negativa (No, I couldn't).

Would You Like...?

• Affirmative: Todas las personas son iguales. Ejemplo: I'd like some juice.
• Question and Answer: Would you like a cake? - Yes, please / That'd be great, thanks / No, thanks.

Be Going To

• Affirmative: Todas las personas usan 're going to... excepto I'm going to... y He/She/It's going to...
• Questions: Am I going to...? / Is he/she/it going to...? y las demás formas con Are.

Adjetivos Comparativos y Superlativos

Comparative Adjectives (Adjetivos Comparativos)

• Adjetivos cortos: Se estructuran como adjetivo + -er + than. Ejemplo: Hiro is stronger than Shizu.
• Adjetivos largos: Se estructuran como more + adjetivo + than.

Superlative Adjectives (Adjetivos Superlativos)

• Cortos: This is the fastest robot in the world.
• Largos: The electric car is the most interesting invention of the year.

Cuantificadores: How Much / How Many

Contables y Plural

• Affirmative: There ARE SOME / A LOT OF cars.
• Negative: Utiliza aren't con ANY o MANY.
• Questions: Are there ANY cars? o How many cars ARE there?

Incontables

• Affirmative: There IS SOME / A LOT OF traffic.
• Negative: Utiliza isn't con ANY o MUCH.
• Questions: Is there ANY traffic? o How much traffic IS there?

Vocabulario Esencial en Inglés

Transport (Medios de Transporte)

Car, train, plane, foot, ship, boat.

Clothing (Ropa)

Cap, jacket, jersey, shorts, trainers, socks, T-shirt.

Nature and Geography (Naturaleza y Geografía)

Beaches, lakes, deserts, oceans, islands, rivers, mountains.

Body Parts (Partes del Cuerpo)

Arm, nose, eye, ear, leg, head, hand.

Furniture and House (Muebles y Hogar)

Shelf, bookcase, mirror, lamp, chair, wardrobe, clock, bed.

Verbs and Actions (Verbos y Acciones)

Borrow, buy, drive, dye, wear, go, have, stay out.

Health Issues (Problemas de Salud)

Headache, sprained ankle, sore throat, toothache, pimple, sunburn, blister, cold.

Travel Gear (Equipaje y Excursionismo)

Rucksack, hiking boots, sunglasses, suncream, guidebook, map, hat, camera.