Guía Completa de Fonética Inglesa: Sonidos Vocálicos y Consonánticos con Ejemplos

Sonidos Vocálicos en Inglés

/ɑ:/ - A, ar, au, ear (after, far, can't, aunt, heart)
/ɜ:/ - ir, or, ur, our, ear, er (bird, word, surf, journey, learn, Germany)
/i:/ - ee, ea, ie, e, ey, i, eo (green, sea, see, me, piece, these, key, machine, people)
/ɔ:/ - a, al, au, aw, augh, ough, ar, or, oor, ore, our (ball, talk, autumn, awful, daughter, bought, warm, horse, floor, more, four)
/u:/ - oo, ou, oe, u, ue, ew (too, you, shoe, music, blue, new)
/aɪ/ - i, ie, y, igh, uy (like, die, fly, high, buy)
/aʊ/ - a, o, er, i, ar, o, u (around, out, now, vowel)
/eɪ/ - a, ai, ay, ey, ea, eigh (plane, pain, day, grey, great, eight)
/eə/ - are, air, ear, ere, aer (care, chair, wear, where, aeroplane)
/ɪə/ - ea, ear, eer, ere (real, beard, beer, here)
/oʊ/ - /əʊ/ - o, ow, oa, oe (so, go, know, grow, show, boat, toe)
/ɔɪ/ - oi, oy (noise, boy, joy, enjoy, toy, point)
/ʊə/ - /jʊə/ - ure, our, euro (pure, sure, tourist, European)
/ɪ/ - i, u, o (women), y, ui (it, busy, system, build)
/ʊ/ - u, oo, ou, o (woman) (full, look, good, would)
/ɒ/ - o, a (lot, hot, watch)
/e/ - e, ea, a, ai, ie, ei, eo (end, head, any, again, friend, leisure, leopard)
/ə/ - a, o, er, i, ar, o, u (about, official, teacher, division, familiar, police, suggest)
/ʌ/ - u, o, oo, ou (bus, Colombia, Monday, blood, country)
/æ/ - a, a veces ai, au (family, laugh)

Sonidos Consonánticos en Inglés

Consonantes oclusivas

/b/ - b, bb (bad, rubber)
/k/ - k, ca/co/cu, (s)ch, ch (si es de origen griego), cc, q, ck, x (en medio de una palabra, se convierte en ks, también con cc) (key, silk, car, colleague, culprit, school, archive, accordion, queue, back, taxi, access)

/g/ - g, gg, gh, gu (go, egg, ghost, guitar)
/d/ - d, dd, -ed (mad, add, used)
/p/ - p, pp (pasta, apple)
/t/ - t, tt, -ed (verbos terminados en consonante fuerte) (task, attach, worked)

Consonantes fricativas

/f/ - f, ff, ph, (ou)gh, lf (four, riff, phone, enough, calf)
/v/ - v, -ve (victory, have)
/s/ - s, ss, ce/ci, sc-, ps-, st, -ce, -se (Sarah, miss, center, city, science, psychology, listen, once, remorse)
/z/ - z, zz, s (a veces), ss, x-, -ze/-se (zero, buzz, busy, scissors, xylograph, realize)
/ʃ/ - sh, si(on), ti(on), su, además de algunas con ce, ci, ch, sci (she, commission, nation, sugar, ocean, special, chivalry, conscious)
/ʒ/ - en varias palabras que terminan en -sion, -sual, -sure (vision, usual, pleasure)
/θ/ - th, aunque no siempre (think)
/ð/ - th, aunque no siempre (this)

Consonantes africadas

/dʒ/ - j, ge, gi, gy, dge, dj (joy, general, giant, gym, edge, adjust)
/tʃ/ - ch, tch, tu, ti, y algunas excepciones sueltas (rich, watch, nature, question)

Consonantes nasales

/m/ - m, mm, -lm, -mb, -mn (Mary, summer, calm, lamb, damn)
/n/ - n, nn, kn, gn, pn-, mn- (no, annoy, know, gnat/align, pneumonia, mnemonic)
/ŋ/ - ng, nk (speaking, think)

Consonantes líquidas y aproximantes

/r/ - r, rr, wr, rh (red, carrot, write, rhythm)
/l/ - l, ll
/j/ - y, u, ur, además de alguna ia, io, ie, la j de Hallelujah o la gn que suene a ñ (Kenya, museum, pure, Spaniard, savior, Daniel, hallelujah, lasagne)

Sonidos Silábicos

/l̩/ y /n̩/

Combinaciones especiales

/iz/ - ce, s/se, x, ze, ss, ch, sh, ge, c, z, zz

Nota: La pronunciación de muchas palabras depende de su origen y contexto; practica con audio nativo para afinar tu oído.