Infinitive With and Without TO and Gerunds in English: Grammar Rules, Phrasal Verbs, Suffixes and Prefixes
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INFINITIVE WITH TO AND WITHOUT TO
WITH TO ✔ ✘
After verbs
("agree, choose, arrange, decide, appear, except, promise")
After verbs with object
("tell, persuade, ask, encourage, remind, advise")
To express purpose
("in order, so as")
After adjectives
("happy, difficult, exciting, expensive, glad, sorry, interesting")
To mention something so you don't forget it
→ TO
WITHOUT TO ✘
After verbs
("let, make")
GERUNDS -ing
After PREPOSITIONS
("in, on, under, next to, behind, in front of, between")
After PHRASAL VERBS
("admit, enjoy, suggest, involve, worth, look forward to, spend time/money")
PHRASAL VERBS
| Count on (contar con) | Show off (presumir) |
| Get back to (regresar a) | Take on (asumir) |
| Get round to doing (ponerse a hacer) | |
| Get down (bajar) | Work out (entrenar / hacer ejercicio) |
| Get through (atravesar) | Turn down (rechazar) |
| Get together (reunirse) | Get up (levantarse) |
| Knock out (dejar inconsciente / eliminar) |
NOUN SUFFIXES
-ion
Application, concentration, connection, decision, exhaustion, expectation, frustration, qualification, motivation, production
-iour
Behaviour
-y
Discovery
-ment
Amusement, commitment, embarrassment, encouragement, entertainment, improvement
-ance
Appearance, assistance, guidance, performance
No suffix
Comfort, design, question, trade
PREFIXES
Dis-
Disapprove, dishonest, discourage
Ill-
Illogical, illegally
Im-
Impolite, immoral, impatient
In-
Inexpensive, invisible
Mis-
Misunderstand, misleading
Un-
Unfamiliar, unexpectedly, unmotivated, unsuccessful, unbelievable, undoubtedly, unrealistic
OTHER PREFIXES
Ir-
Irresponsible, irrelevant
Non-
Nonverbal, nonsense
Re-
Rearrange, repayment
TIME PHRASES
| Past | Present | Future |
|---|---|---|
| Yesterday, last week/month/year, a little while ago, an hour ago, this morning, in the past, a long time ago, recently, in 2005, the day before yesterday, one week ago | Today, this week/month/year, at the moment, now, at this time, nowadays, these days, right now | Tomorrow, next week/month/year, in an hour, soon, in the near future, the day after tomorrow |
VOCABULARY
| Seldom (raramente) | Nil (nulo / cero) |
| Boasting (jactarse) | Relieved (aliviado) |
| Rooting for (animar a) | Jinxing (desear mala suerte a otro) |
| Referee (árbitro) | Attachment (adjunto) |
| Develop (desarrollar) | Behaviour (conducta) |
| Defeat (derrota / fracaso) | Furthermore (además) |
| Otherwise (de lo contrario) | Headset (auriculares) |
| Goggles (gafas de protección) | Track (pista) |
| Gadget (aparato) | Afterwards (después) |
| Misleading (que nos lleva con falsas promesas) | Hurdles (obstáculos) |