Informe de

QUESTION

• What is a computer?
• Do you have a computer? What kind is it?
• What is hardware?
• What is software?
• Function of the CPU
• What are the main parts of the CPU?
• What is the function of the main memory?
• How are peripherals classified?
• What types of computers do you know? Which one do you prefer for you own personal use? Why?
• What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
• How can RAM be increased?
• What is the function of the system clock?
• What is a bus?
• Explain the binary code
• What is the function of the keyboard?
• What is the function of the mouse?
• What is the function of the scanner? How does it work?
• What types of scanner so you know?
• What types of screen display do you know?
• What is resolution?
• What is the difference among CRT, LCD, OLEDs and plasma screens?
• What types of printers do you know?
• Which printer is better for home? Why?
• How do the thermal transfer printers work?
• Which printer produces the highest quality output?
• How do loser printers work?
• Which types of inkjet printer should we all choose?

ANSWER

• A computer is an electronic machine which can accept data in a certain form process data, and give the results of the processing in a specified format as information.
• Yes, I have a laptop, a portable device that allows me to perform all I want.
• Is any electronic or mechanical part you can see or touch. Too, they are physical parts that make up a computer system.
• Software is a set of instructions, called a program, which tells the computer what to do
• cpu, executes program instructions and coordinates the activities that take place within the computer system
• Main  parts of CPU:
  • The control unit examines the instructions in the user's program, interprets each instruction and causes the circuits and the rest of the components.
  • The arithmetic logic unit performs mathematical calculations (+, -) and logical operations (and, or, not)
  • The registers are high-speed units of memory used to store and control data.
• Main Memory: Process and store data from the processor. Therefore, when the user runs a program, the CPU looks for it on the hard disk and transfer a copy into the ram chips. Can be divided into 2 types: RAM and ROM.
• the peripherals are classified into 3 categories:
  • Input devices: Mouse, keyboard, camera
  • Output devices: monitor, printer
  • Storage media: magnetic, e.g. hdd, e.g. DVD flash and flash memory, e.g. pen drive.
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• The difference being that RAM is volatile that is, its information is lost when the computer is turned off. However, ROM is non-volatile, containing instructions and routines for the basic operations of the CPU. RAM can be expanded by adding extra chips, meanwhile the ROM not.
• RAM capacity can be expanded by adding extra chips, usually contained in small circuit boards called dual in-line memory modules.
• A system clock sends out signals at fixed intervals to measure and synchronize the flow of data. Clock speed is measured in gigahertz. e.g., a CPU running at 4 GHz will enable your PC to handle the most demanding applications
• Electrical channels which allow devices inside the computer to communicate whit each other, e.g., the front side bus carries all data the pass from the CPU to other devices.
• Computers do all calculations using a code made of just two numbers - 0 and 1. This system is called binary code. The electronic circuits in a digital computer detect the difference between two states: ON (the current passes through) or OFF and represent these states as 1 or 0.
• Keyboard is an input device, in part inspired by the keyboard of typewriters, which uses a key or button layout. (enter information into the computer)
• A mouse allows you to control the cursor and move around the screen very quickly. Making the same movements with the arrow keys on the keyboard would take much longer. As you move the mouse on your desk, the pointer on the screen moves in the same direction.
• A scanner sees images and converts printed text or picture into electronic code that can be understood by the computer. With a flatbed colour scanner, the paper with the images is placed down on a glass screen, as with a photocopier. Beneath the glass are the lighting and measurement devices. Once the scanner is activated, it reads the image as a series of dots and generates the digitized image that is sent to the computer and stored as a file.
• Some types of scanner are:
  • Flatbed scanner, can scan text, picture used where desktop and ever small object
  • slide scanner, are used to scan 35 millimeters slide or film negatives
  • handheld scanners are used for capturing of small picture more compact
• Some are:
  • LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
  • CRT (Cathode ray tube)
  • Plasma screen
  • OLEDs (organic light-emitting diodes)
• Refers to the numbers of dots colour, know as pixels, contained in a display. it is expressed by indentifying the number of pixel on the horizontal and vertical axes.
• Some differences are:
  • An LCD is made of two glass plates with a liquid crystal material between them. LCD use TFT (thin film transistor) technology, in which each pixel has its own switch.
  • A CRT monitor is similar to a traditional TV set. It contains millions of tiny red, green and blue phosphor dots that glow when struck by an electron beam travels across the screen.
  • In a Plasma screen, images are created by a plasma discharge which contains noble gases.
  • OLEDs are thin-film LED displays that don't require a backlight to function.

• Some are:
  • Dot- Matrix printers use pins to print the dots required to shape a character (72 to 180)
  • Inkjet printers operate by projecting small ink droplets into paper to form the required image.(2400 dpi )
  • Laser printers produce output a great speed and with a very high resolution. (1200-2400 dpi)
  • Thermal transfer printers are used to produce colour images by transferring a wax-based ink onto the paper.
  • Imagesetters produce very high-resolution output on paper or on the actual film making the printing plates.(up to 3540 dpi)
  • Platsetter use technology called computer to plate
  • Plotters use ink and fine pens held in a carriage to draw very detailed designs on paper
• I think that the Inkjet printer are most appropiate for use in house, because they offer a high-quality of image
• Thermal transfer printers are used to produce colour images by transferring a wax-based ink onto the paper. They are popular for printing bar codes, labels and medium-resolution graphics.
• Imagesetters produce very high-resolution output on paper or on the actual film making the printing plates.(up to 3540 dpi)