Inglés B2: Expresar propósito, Make vs. Do, Phrasal Verbs y Vocabulario del Crimen

Formación de palabras (Word Formation)

remind → reminder * important → importance * punctual → punctually * anxiety → anxious * able → ability * recommend → recommendations * rely → reliable * angry → anger * usual → unusual * appear → appearance * begin → beginning * pure → purely * risk → risky * comfort → uncomfortable, comfortably * increase → (sustantivo y verbo) * tourist → (sustantivo relacionado) * employ → employees * entertain → (forma adjetival/sustantiva) * aware → (forma relacionada) * destroy → destruction * agree → (forma relacionada) * limit → (forma relacionada) * advise → (forma relacionada) * head → headache * depend → dependent * health → healthy * help → helpfully * encourage → (forma relacionada) * care → (forma relacionada) * probable → probability * fortunate → unfortunately * tropic → tropical * delight → delightful * choose → choice * impress → impressive * attract → attractions * annual → annually * storm → stormy * suit, suitable → unsuitable * easy → easily * change → unchanged * relative → relatively * sure → ensure * commerce → commercial * usual → usually * reserve → reservation * publish → publication * vary → variety * special → speciality * coast → coastal * evenly → unevenly * economy → economic * grow → growth * arrive → arrival * remark → remarkable * industry → industrial * expand → expansion * bitter → bitterly * tough → toughest * ambition → ambitious * current → currently * energy → energetic * like → unlike * tend → tendency * basic → basically * high → height, highest * common → uncommon * mistake → mistaken * popular → unpopular, population * long → length * admire → admiration.

Expressing purpose

• To + infinitive: explica por qué alguien hace algo. We have revised our pay scales to reward those on lower salaries. (La razón por la que revisaron las escalas salariales).
• For + ing: explica para qué sirve algo. We need to provide guidelines for making ethical choices. (El propósito de las directrices).
• For: indica la acción de otra persona. I have sent the report to Mandy for her approval.
• In order to / so as to: se usa con verbos estativos (be, have, know, believe, recognise, impress, belong to, include, appear y seem). I called her in order to be certain that she is okay.
• In order to / so as to con negativos. We need to complete this now so as not to miss the deadline.

1. To / in order to / so as to + infinitive

• I bought a new shampoo to make my hair shinier.
• In order to prevent delays, passengers should check in at least two hours before their flights.
• She left home early so as to get to college on time.

So (that) / in order that + clause (subject + verb)

• I wrote her name on my hand so (that) I wouldn't forget to phone her.
• We invited some people of Charlotte's age in order that she could make some new friends.

2. Forming the negative

• I always set my alarm in order not to / so that I don't oversleep.
• She decided to walk home so as not to see / so that she wouldn't see Carlos on the bus.
• To cannot be used in the negative form.
• I left the house at 8 in order not to be late.

MAKE y DO: collocations

MAKE: an attempt, a cake, coffee, an effort, an excuse, a fortune, fun of sth, a mess, a mistake, money, the most of sth, a noise, notes, an offer, progress, sense, one's way back home, an appointment, a difference, a dress, a living, marks on the wall, a phone call, a suggestion, a bad impression.

DO: badly, your homework, your hair, a profit, well, the bed, the dishes, French, harm, a job, a loss, maths, physics, sth for a living, your best, a lot of damage, exercise, research, the shopping, some work.

Phrasal verbs with DO and MAKE

• do away with sth/sb → abolish, get rid of sb/sth → Europe has done away with duty-free shopping.
• do sb out of sth → cheat sb → The sales assistant did me out of 5 euros.
• do without sth → manage to live without sth/sb → I can't afford it, so I will just have to do without.
• do sth up → fasten, tie sth → I can't do my laces up.
• do up sth → repair, redecorate sth → They did up the house and sold it.
• could do with sth → need, want sth → I could do with something to eat.
• have to do with sth → have a connection with sth → The problem has nothing to do with me.
• make away with sth → steal sth → Thieves made away with her jewellery.
• make for somewhere → move towards somewhere → Two thieves made for the window.
• make of sth → understand, interpret sth → What do you make of their proposal?
• make off with sth → steal sth and leave quickly → They attacked him and made off with his watch.
• make out sth / make sth out → be able to hear, see, understand sth → I can't make out her handwriting.
• make up of sth → combine together, form → Tourism makes up 70% of their income.
• make up sth → invent an excuse → She made up a silly story about the post being late.

Crime - Criminals

• Mugger: someone who attacks people in a public place and robs them.
• Murderer: someone who murders another person.
• Robber: someone who steals money or property.
• Shoplifter: someone who takes something from a shop without paying for it.
• Smuggler: someone who takes something illegally from one country to another.
• Terrorist: someone who uses violence such as bombing, shooting, etc. to obtain political demands.
• Thief: someone who steals things from another person or place (theft, burglar, robber).
• Vandal: someone who deliberately damages things, especially public property.

Crime - Justice System

• community service
• court
• court case
• death penalty
• defense
• fine: money that you have to pay as a punishment.
• jail
• guilty
• imprisonment
• innocent
• judge
• jury
• justice
• lawyer
• sentence
• prison
• probation: a system that allows some criminals not to go to prison or to leave prison, if they behave well and see a probation officer regularly, for a particular period of time.
• punishment
• capital punishment
• trial

Crime - Verbs

• arrest
• break in: to enter a building by using force, in order to steal something.
• break out: to escape from a prison (break out of a prison).
• break the law
• charge: to state officially that someone may be guilty of a crime.
• commit a crime
• escape
• get away with: to escape from someone who is chasing you or trying to catch you.
• hold up (informal): an attempt to rob a place or person by threatening them with a weapon (a bank).
• investigate
• rob: to steal money or property from a person, bank, etc.
• steal

Crime - Other Related Words

• Alibi: something that proves that someone was not where a crime happened and therefore could not have done it.
• Crimes that involve stealing things: robbery, burglary, theft, shoplifting, fraud, carjacking.
• Crimes that involve attacking people: assault, mugging, murder, rape.
• Someone who commits crimes: criminal, thief, crook, burglar, mugger, robber, pickpocket, rapist, offender.