Inglés para Informática: Gramática Esencial, Vocabulario y Ejercicios de Lenguaje de Programación

Preguntas y Respuestas sobre Informática

Los ordenadores entienden el lenguaje humano? No, they don't. Because the only language the computers can understand is machine code.

Cuál es la función de un ensamblador? Translating the assembly languages to machine code.

Por qué los desarrolladores de software diseñan lenguajes de alto nivel? To make programs easy to write and overcome the problem of intercommunicating between different types of computers.

Qué lenguaje se utiliza para enseñar técnicas de programación? Pascal is used to teach programming techniques.

Cuál es la diferencia entre un compilador y un intérprete? A compiler translates the source code into object code or machine code in one go. The interpreter translates the source code line by line as the program is running.

Por qué HTML y XML son llamados lenguajes de marcado? Because they use instructions called markup tags to format and link text files.

Gerundio (-ING)

Reglas de uso

• La oración puede empezar con un verbo en -ing.
• Se usa en el present continuous.
• Se usa después de las siguientes palabras:
  • avoid (evitar)
  • fancy (apetecer)
  • finish (terminar)
  • give up (rendirse)
  • hate (odiar)
  • imagine (imaginar)
  • involve (implicar)
  • keep (mantener)
  • look forward to (esperar con ilusión)
  • mind (importar / preocupar)
  • suggest (sugerir)
  • enjoy (disfrutar)
  • like (gustar)
• Se usa después de preposiciones: by (por), after (después de), before (antes de), of (de).

Infinitivo (TO + verbo)

Expresar propósito

Después de adjetivos

Se usa con: easy (fácil) y difficult (difícil).

Verbo + to + infinitivo

afford (permitirse), demand (exigir), plan (planear), agree (acordar), expect (esperar), promise (prometer), appear (aparecer), hope (esperar), refuse (rechazar), arrange (arreglar), learn (aprender), try (intentar), decide (decidir), manage (conseguir).

Verbo + objeto + to + infinitivo

advise (aconsejar), encourage (animar), allow (permitir), expect (esperar), tell (decir), ask (pedir), invite (invitar), want (querer), enable (permitir), order (ordenar), warn (advertir).

Modales + infinitivo

make (hacer) y let (permitir) + objeto + infinitivo (sin to).

Vocabulario Técnico

• page source: código de la página (pagina origen)
• low-level: bajo nivel
• high-level: alto nivel
• flat rate: tarifa plana
• slideshow: diapositivas
• set up: instalar
• hyperlinks: hipervínculos
• going live: publicarse / subir (a internet)
• source code: código fuente
• flowchart: organigrama / diagrama de flujo
• jagged: dentado

Práctica de Frases

Gerundio

• It's surprising all the things you can do with an iPad.
• I enjoy programming.
• Texturing implies adding colours and filters.
• I suggested buying a laptop instead of a PC.
• Have you finished editing the website?
• I'm studying ICT.

Infinitivo

• The mouse is used to control the cursor.
• I can't afford to buy an iPad.
• I refused to do that job.
• Machine code is too difficult to write.
• Programs make computers perform specific tasks.
• I asked her to lend me her mobile phone.
• I would like to have a smartphone.

Modales

• Can you play the guitar?
• You needn't bring your laptop, you can borrow James's.
• You might like that computer game.
• You must have the right plug-in to open all these files.
• Can you work with high-level languages?
• I'm not feeling well. May I leave the class, sir?
• You may like Campus Party.
• According to Catholicism, you mustn't lie.
• You should study more. If you don't, you may fail the course.