Modales, Condicionales, Comparativos y Superlativos en Inglés: Gramática Esencial con Ejemplos
Gramática inglesa: modales, condicionales, comparativos y superlativos
Modales
- Can / Can't: habilidad, pedir permiso, posibilidad.
- Could / Couldn't: lo mismo que can pero en pasado.
- Should / Shouldn't: consejo.
- May / Might (-): posibilidad (sujeto).
- Must / Mustn't: prohibición.
- Must / Have to: has to, had to = don't have to, doesn't have to, didn't have to. Obligación o no obligación.
Condicionales
- First Conditional: If + sujeto + present simple, sujeto + will + V (base).
- Second Conditional: If + S + past simple, S + would + V (base). Con to be: were.
- Third Conditional: If + S + past perfect, S + would have + participio.
Comparativos
- Superioridad: formas cortas: adj + -er + than; formas largas: more + adj + than.
- Igualdad: as + adj + as.
- Inferioridad: less + adj + than.
Superlativos
- Formas cortas: the + adj + -est.
- Formas largas: the most + adj.
Estilo indirecto
Cambios de expresiones
- here = there
- this = that / these = those
- now = then
- today = that day
- tonight = that night
- tomorrow = the next day
- last (...) = the previous (...)
- next (...) = the next (...)
- yesterday = the previous day
Tipos de oraciones
- Statements: S + V + C...
- Questions: ___ IF + sujeto + V + C... o ___ QUESTION WORD + sujeto + V + C...
- Commands: Be quiet! = Laura asked them to / not to be quiet.
Tiempos verbales
- Present simple: work / works → Past simple: worked.
- Present continuous: am / are / is working → Past continuous: was / were working.
- Past simple: worked → Past perfect: had worked.
- Past continuous: was / were working → Past perfect continuous: had been working.
- Present perfect: have / has worked → Past perfect: had worked.
- Past perfect: had worked (se queda igual).
- Going to: am / are / is going to work → was / were going to work.
- Have to: have / has to work → had to work.
- Must work → had to work.
En interrogativas con do / does, el verbo va en forma base. En did y have / has, el pasado se expresa como had eaten.
Writing
Last week, I saw a great film, Juno. He acted well and the audience laughed loudly at his jokes. It was very funny and generous. The film started at ten o'clock last Saturday night. Everyone should see it. I would go again if I had enough money. I love watching a good film, but my sister dislikes this film. My opinion of it is that it's a good film because it hours a lot of audience and is an interesting and funny film.
Vocabulario
Unit 6
advert, advertiser, appeal, auction, bid, big, boring, brick, care, celebrity, controversial, cookies, cool, crazy, everyone else, focus group, for sale, fragile, fun, get the message across, harsh, health, heavy, hidden, item, light, look like, mad about, move, new, offensive, old, old-fashioned, out, oven, pots and pans, really into, rights, salty, shocking, small, snack, stamp, statement, strong, stuff, tasty, tiny, toaster, trendy, weird, wonderful.
Unit 7
ability, applicant, application, apply for, assistant, available, beard, camcorder, closing date, computer technician, cook, cool, crew, current affairs, disorganised, dreadlocks, energetic, friendly, gardener, get in touch, hard-working, highly, impolite, lazy, lethargic, mechanic, messy, moustache, multicoloured, nurse, organised, placement, plumber, polite, ponytail, reporter, rude, secretary, shaved head, shop assistant, shy, skill, stamped, survey, tattoo, teacher's assistant, unconfident, unfriendly.
Unit 8
ace, album title, arvo, attend, bass, blend, bloke, bushed, cartoon, creep, cup, coffee, drum, enormous, fantastic, grandmother, grouse, guitar, guy, keyboard, kitchen, lyrics, mainstream, memories, no-hoper, oldies, organ, outdoor, professor, rage on, read on, remind, ripper of a, saxophone, saying, seldom, Spanglish, stoked, stuff, track list, trumpet, veg out, wrestling, youse.