Present Perfect, Past Perfect y Past Simple en Inglés: Gramática, Verbos Irregulares y la Independencia de EE. UU.

Tiempos verbales en inglés: Present Perfect, Past Perfect y Past Simple

Present Perfect: have/has + participio (3.ª columna). Se usa con expresiones como how long, for, since, still, yet, at the end, already, ever, never, always.

Past Perfect: had + participio (3.ª columna). Se usa con expresiones como how long, for, since, still, yet, at the end, already, ever, never, always.

Past Simple: didn't + forma base / pasado (2.ª columna). Se usa con expresiones como last night, ago, yesterday.

Casi todos van en el medio entre have (-) y el participio (3.ª columna).

Ejemplo: I have already gone.

Verbos modales

• can = poder
• must = deber (obligación)
• have to = tener que
• could = podía
• had to = tener que (pasado)
• didn't have to = no tener que (pasado)
• might = poder (posibilidad)

Reglas importantes

• When y before siempre van con past simple.

Sujeto, objeto y preguntas

• Subject: Who wrote a book? → Tom wrote a book. (Tom escribió un libro.)
• Object: What did Tom write? (¿Qué escribió Tom?)

Ejercicio de comprensión: La Independencia de Estados Unidos

1. On which day do Americans remember the American War of Independence?
   The 4th of July.
2. What are the most important values for Americans?
   The most important values for Americans are liberty and equality.
3. To which country did the American colonies belong?
   To the UK.
4. How did the Americans protest against the high taxes?
   By destroying the port of Boston.
5. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
   Thomas Jefferson.
6. Which country helped the Americans in their fight against England?
   France.
7. When and where was the peace treaty really signed?
   On the 4th of July of 1776, in Philadelphia.
8. What is Betsy Ross famous for?
   Because she created the American flag.
9. Why 50 stars and 13 stripes?
   Because the 13 stripes symbolize the thirteen original colonies of the USA in 1776, and the 50 stars symbolize the fifty current states of the USA.
10. How do Americans celebrate Independence Day today?
    With a big party.

Verbos de la revolución americana

• BECOME an independent nation
• START the American Revolution
• PAY taxes
• THROW boxes of tea into the sea
• REACT with severe laws
• WIN against Great Britain
• WRITE the Declaration of Independence
• SIGN the peace treaty
• RING the Liberty Bell
• START a battle
• SALUTE the flag

Tabla de verbos irregulares