Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous y Verbos seguidos de -ING o TO: Gramática Inglesa Esencial
Present Perfect
Present Perfect:
- Hechos recientes (news)
- Experiencias que has vivido (EVER)
- Con los verbos de estado (ver, entender, oír, conocer) y con for, since, how long
- Hecho reciente con consecuencia en el presente
Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous:
- Acciones que pasan repeatedly
- Con verbos dinámicos (acciones), para mostrar la duración: for...
- Explicar algo que acabas de estar haciendo
- (State verbs) = no son acciones, son sentimientos
-ING y TO
-ING
-ING: (acción pasada)
- As a subject
- After prepositions
- After go
- After expresiones such as used to / get used to
Verbos seguidos de -ING: admit, advise, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, deny, enjoy, fancy, feel, like, finish, give up, imagine, intend, keep, mind, miss, practice, propose, recommend, risk, stop, spend, suggest, stand.
TO
TO: (acción futura)
- After adjectives and adverbs
- After nouns
- To express purpose (too and enough)
- After would (like, love, prefer)
- After wh- words
Verbos seguidos de TO: agree, arrange, ask, decide, expect, fail, happen, hope, manage, mean, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, want, wish, would like, help.
Vocabulary
Conectores y preposiciones
- Considering: tendiendo en cuenta
- Before: antes de
- Because of: debido a
- Together with: junto con
- Apart from: aparte de
- Regarding: en cuanto a / relacionado con
- About: sobre
- With: con
- Among: entre
- Aside from: aparte de
- Prior to: antes de
- Owing to: debido a
- Whereas: mientras que
- Whilst: pese a que
- Unlike: a diferencia de
- While: mientras
- Yet: ya, además
- But: pero
- However: sin embargo
- On the other hand: por otra parte (va entre comas)
- Alongside: de manera paralela
- Right through: durante
Verbos frecuentes
- Count: contar con
- Get: conseguir
- Give: dar
- Keep: guardar, conservar
- Let: dejar, permitir
- Look: mirar
- Play safe: ir sobre seguro
- Take: coger
- Wear: llevar puesto algo
Adjetivos de personalidad
- Ambitious: ambicioso
- Argumentative: argumentativo
- Assertive: seguro de sí mismo
- Calm: relajado, tranquilo
- Considerate: considerado
- Creative: creativo
- Dedicated: entregado
- Eccentric: excéntrico
- Immature: inmaduro
- Organised: organizado
- Outgoing: extrovertido
- Sensible: sensato
- Serious: serio
- Responsible: responsable
- Selfish: egoísta
- Sociable: sociable
- Stubborn: cabezota
- Unconventional: poco convencional
Otros adjetivos: sensitive, irritable, timid, generous, tranquil, amiable, active, positive, neat, nationally.