Presente, Pasado y Futuro en Inglés: Gramática con Ejemplos Prácticos

Opción A: Redacción en Presentes (Rutinas y Estilo de Vida)

Is Life Better Today?

Nowadays, life is faster than it used to be. I usually get up early because I believe that being productive is the best way to start the day. Right now, I am preparing for my exams, which is more stressful than my normal routine. Technology is also changing our habits; for example, people are spending more time on social media than ever before. In my opinion, smartphones are the most useful tools we have, although they can be distracting. If I have free time tonight, I will go for a run to relax. Ultimately, although we are busier than our grandparents, we also have better opportunities. If I were more organized, I would enjoy my routine even more.

Opción B: Redacción en Pasados (Una Anécdota o Historia)

A Trip to Remember

Last summer, I went to Rome, which was the most incredible experience of my life. While I was walking through the city, I realized that the monuments were more ancient than I had imagined. The weather was extremely hot, probably the hottest I have ever felt. One day, while we were eating a pizza, it started to rain. It was less romantic than in the movies, but it was funny! If we had taken an umbrella, we wouldn't have got so wet. However, the food was much better than in my country. If I won the lottery, I would move there immediately. It was definitely the best holiday I have ever had. Everything was organized perfectly by my sister.

Opción C: Redacción en Futuro (Planes o Predicciones)

My Future Goals

In the future, I think the world will be more digital than it is today. Regarding my plans, I am going to study Engineering because it is one of the most challenging careers. I believe that finding a good job will be more difficult than in the past, so I need to be prepared. If I pass my exams, I will move to London. This will be the biggest challenge of my life, but also the most exciting one. I am sure that new languages will be required by most companies. If I had more money, I would travel around the world before starting work. I hope my future is more successful than I can imagine right now.

1. Presente Simple y Continuo

Presente Simple

Uso: rutinas, hábitos, horarios fijos o verdades generales. (-s en tercera persona)

• (+) She lives in Madrid.
• (-) Subj + don't/doesn't + Verb (base) (They don't like milk.)
• (?) Do/Does + Subj + Verb (base)? (Do you study English?)

Presente Continuo

Uso: acciones que ocurren ahora o planes fijos.

• (+) Subj + am/is/are + Verb (-ing) (He is studying right now.)
• (-) Subj + am not/isn't/aren't + Verb (-ing) (We aren't watching TV.)
• (?) Am/Is/Are + Subj + Verb (-ing)? (Are they coming tonight?)

2. Pasado Simple y Continuo

Pasado Simple

Uso: acciones terminadas. Regulares (-ed) / Irregulares (2ª columna).

• (+) Subj + Verb (-ed / 2ª col) (I watched a movie. / She went out.)
• (-) Subj + didn't + Verb (base) (We didn't buy the car.)
• (?) Did + Subj + Verb (base)? (Did you see that?)

Pasado Continuo

Uso: acción en progreso en el pasado, a veces interrumpida por un pasado simple.

• (+) Subj + was/were + Verb (-ing) (I was sleeping when you called.)
• (-) Subj + wasn't/weren't + Verb (-ing) (They weren't paying attention.)
• (?) Was/Were + Subj + Verb (-ing)? (Were you working at 5 PM?)

3. Futuros

Will

Uso: predicciones, decisiones espontáneas, promesas o ayuda. (I think, I believe, perhaps, probably, maybe)

• (+) Subj + will + Verb (base) (I think it will rain tomorrow.)
• (-) Subj + won't + Verb (base) (She won't pass without studying.)
• (?) Will + Subj + Verb (base)? (Will you help me, please?)

Be Going To

Uso: planes, intenciones, predicciones con evidencia clara o inmediata.

• (+) Subj + am/is/are + going to + Verb (base) (I am going to travel to London.)
• (-) Subj + am not/isn't/aren't + going to + Verb (base) (We aren't going to buy it.)
• (?) Am/Is/Are + Subj + going to + Verb (base)? (Are you going to cook?)

Evidencia: Look at those black clouds! It is going to rain.

4. Presente Perfecto

Uso: acciones pasadas conectadas con el presente. (3ª columna)

• (+) Subj + have/has + Verb (-ed / 3ª col) (I have lost my keys. / He has traveled a lot.)
• (-) Subj + haven't/hasn't + Verb (-ed / 3ª col) (We haven't finished yet.)
• (?) Have/Has + Subj + Verb (-ed / 3ª col)? (Have you ever been to Paris?)

5. Comparativos y Superlativos

Comparativos

Adjetivos cortos + -er than / more + adjetivo largo + than.

• Corto: This car is faster than yours.
• Largo: Formulating this is more difficult than I thought.
• Irregular: Better than, worse than, further than.

Superlativos

The + adjetivo corto + -est / the most + adjetivo largo.

• Corto: It is the coldest day of the year.
• Largo: This is the most interesting book here.
• Irregular: The best, the worst, the furthest.

6. Condicionales

• Cero (0): Verdades universales, hechos científicos. If + Present Simple, ... Present Simple. (If you heat ice, it melts.)
• Primera (1st): Probabilidad real en el futuro. If + Present Simple, ... Will + Verb (base). (If I study tonight, I will pass the exam.)
• Segunda (2nd): Situaciones imaginarias, hipotéticas o improbables. If + Past Simple, ... Would + Verb (base). (If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.)
• Tercera (3rd): Lamentos del pasado, cosas que ya no se pueden cambiar. If + Past Perfect (had + 3ª col), ... Would have + Verb (3ª col). (If I had studied more, I would have passed.)

Carta Formal de Reclamación

Subject: Formal Complaint regarding Order #45521 – Dental Scalers

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to formally express my strong dissatisfaction with the quality of the dental equipment I have recently received from your company on May 2nd. As a dental hygienist, I rely on high-quality tools to ensure the safety and comfort of my patients.

Firstly, I have noticed that three of the ultrasonic scalers were not functioning correctly. The tips were significantly looser than they should be, which makes it impossible to perform a professional prophylaxis safely. Furthermore, the packaging was damaged, and the condition of the equipment is much worse than expected, as some of the sterile pouches were already opened upon arrival.

This situation is completely unacceptable. If the equipment had arrived in perfect condition, I would not have been forced to cancel several appointments this week. These cancellations have caused me both financial loss and a serious loss of reputation.

To resolve this matter, I would appreciate it if you could send me a new set of instruments. If you are unable to provide a replacement in perfect condition, I would like to request a full refund of the amount paid.

I have attached a copy of the receipt and some photos of the damaged items for your reference. I look forward to hearing from you regarding this issue within the next five working days.

Yours faithfully,

Sara Pérez Fdez.-Arroyo