Pronombres Relativos en Inglés: Reglas, Condicionales y Vocabulario Esencial

Pronombres relativos

Para personas

• Who / That (sujeto): el cual, la cual, las/los cuales.
• Whom / Who / That (objeto).

Para cosas

• Which / That.

Para indicar posesión

• Whose: cuyo/a, cuyos/as.

Para indicar lugar y tiempo

• Where: para indicar lugar.
• When: para indicar tiempo.

Will / Won't y Shall / Shall not

Will / Won't + infinitivo.
Shall / Shall not.
En peticiones siempre se empieza por "Will you...".

Be going to

Be going to + infinitivo (I am / You are / He is / We are).

Conectores de tiempo

• After: después
• As: cuando, mientras
• As long as: tanto tiempo como
• As soon as: tan pronto como
• Before: antes
• Since: desde
• Till / Until: hasta
• Whenever: siempre que

Oraciones condicionales

Primer condicional

If + present simple / will + infinitivo.

Segundo condicional

If + past simple / would / could / might + infinitivo.

Tercer condicional

If + past perfect / would have / could have / might have + participio.

Formación de sustantivos a partir de verbos

• -al: arrival, survival, approval, refusal.
• -ance: performance, appearance, disappearance, entrance.
• -ation: examination, operation, population, foundation, medication, preservation.
• -ion: discussion, obsession, protection, destroy → destruction.
• -ing: building, earning, meaning, feeling, learning.
• -ment: arrangement, excitement, improvement, development, embarrassment, treatment.

Formación de adjetivos a partir de sustantivos

• -al: aboriginal, educational.
• -ful: beautiful, colourful, helpful, painful, peaceful, successful.
• -ive: active, effective, offensive, productive.
• -less: colourless, hairless, luckless.
• -ous: courageous, dangerous, disastrous, prestigious.
• -y: cloudy, funny, lucky.
• -able: comfortable, profitable.
• -ible: accessible, horrible, sensible, terrible.

Adjetivos con preposición

• Anxious about
• Sorry about / for
• Worried about
• Early / late for
• Responsible for
• Be used to
• Married to
• Related to
• Bad at / Good at
• Surprised at
• Afraid of
• Ashamed of
• Tired of
• Angry with
• Disappointed with
• Agree with
• Believe in (something)
• Consist of
• Depend on
• Dream about / of
• Laugh at
• Listen to
• Look at / Look for
• Recruit from
• Shout at
• Speak to / with
• Think about / of / in
• Wait for
• Write to

Inglés británico vs. inglés americano

• Car → automobile
• Car park → parking lot
• Chips → french fries
• Garden → yard
• Town centre → downtown
• Trousers → pants
• Sweets → candy
• Mobile phone → cell phone
• Bill (cuenta) → check
• Biscuit → cookie
• Lift → elevator
• Petrol → gasoline
• Film → movie
• Pavement → sidewalk
• Trainers → sneakers
• Football (fútbol) → soccer
• Underground → subway
• Holiday → vacation
• Colour → color
• Catalogue → catalog
• First floor (planta baja) → ground floor / Second floor → first floor
• Block of flats → apartment building
• Post → mail
• Queue → stand in line
• Theatre → theater
• Ill → sick
• Lorry → truck
• Rubbish → garbage
• Centre → center
• Neighbour → neighbor