Reading Comprehension & English Grammar Practice: Readings, Modals, Tenses, Vocabulary and Idioms
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READINGS
- The day I met the strange and inscrutable Steve Jobs (D, A, A, C, B, D, A, D)
- Death Sites: How to log in your afterlife (D, C, B, A, C, A, C, D)
- Living in harmony with the land (C, D, A, B, D, C, C, A)
- What the au pair saw (C, B, A, D, B, A, B, D)
- The Camino de Santiago, the English way (C, A, B, D, D, A, C, D)
- Digital and traditional tools (D, B, A, A, C, D, A, D)
- Teen spirit: the secret life of Britain's teenage boys (B, D, D, B, D, D, C, C)
- Members of parliament vote against tobacco (A, C, A, A, A, A, B, A)
- Degrowth: when less is more (C, D, B, A, D, C, D, A)
- Over half of Europe's amphibians face extinction by 2050 (C, C, B, B, B, A, B, D)
- Arranged marriages (D, A, A, D, B, C, B, A)
- Organic farming (B, C, C, D, C, A, B, C)
- Toxic Friends (C, C, B, C, D, D, C, C)
- Modern slavery (C, D, C, C, D, C, C, A)
- Is text messaging making our kids illiterate? (A, D, D, B, A, D, D, B)
- Sweet as Sugar (B, A, B, B, A, B, C, A)
- Threatened prehistoric paradise reveals its secrets (C, D, A, C, A, C, D, B)
- Internet revives ancient skills of geisha girls (A, C, B, A, D, C, B, A)
- A wandering* voice: the language of the gypsies (C, B, A, D, B, B, C, B)
- A world-learning dog (D, B, B, A, C, D, C, A)
- Kill a snail and go to jail? (D, A, B, A, C, B, B, C)
- The woman who planted trees (D, C, D, D, A, B, D, A)
- English is the global language (A, A, A, D, D, D, A, B)
- Green Sahara (B, C, A, D, B, A, D, C)
- Dracula (A, C, C, C, A, C, A, B)
- I was born a slave (B, B, A, C, A, A, B, C)
- Convenience food (A, C, C, C, B, A, C, A)
GRAMMAR
Modals
- must: haver de (obligació/ordre)
- mustn't: no haver de (prohibició)
- have to: haver de (obligació/norma)
- don't have to: no cal que (recomanació)
- needn't: no cal que (recomanació)
- should: hauries de
- shouldn't: no hauries de
- should / ought to: hauries de
- shouldn't / oughtn't to: no hauries de
- may: pot ser
- might: pot ser (menys probable que may)
Modals Perfect
Structure: modal + have + past participle
- must have + participle: segur que ha...
- may / might have + participle: pot ser que ha...
- could have + participle: podria haver...
- would have + participle: hauria...
- should have + participle: hauria d'haver...
- shouldn't have + participle: no hauria d'haver...
- needn't have + participle: no calia...
Grammar Tenses
- Present simple: + I/he work(s) · - I/he don't / doesn't work · ? Do / does you/he work? (hàbit regular)
- Present continuous: + I'm / you are / he is singing · - I'm not / you aren't / he isn't singing (acció que passa ara)
- Past simple: I / he finished · you / he didn't finish · Did you finish? (acció completada al passat)
- Past continuous: I / he was / were visiting (en un temps específic del passat)
- Past perfect simple: I had arrived (acció abans d'una altra)
- Present perfect simple: I / he have / has lived (acció que va començar al passat i segueix ara)
- Future simple: I will allow (predicció, decisió espontània)
- Be going to: I am / you are going to buy (pla, o algo que és evident que passarà)
- Future perfect simple: I will have eaten (acció acabada al futur: "haure")
- Future continuous: I will be travelling (acció en progrés en aquell moment: "estaré")
- Present perfect continuous: I / he have / has been working (acció que comença al passat i continua ara)
- Past perfect continuous: I had been waiting (acció que es va allargar fins passada una altra acció)
Relatives
- People: who, that
- Things: which, that
- Places: where
- Time: when
- Possession: whose
Phrasal Verbs
- pick up: aprendre, adquirir, recollir, millorar, recuperar-se
- break down: espatllar-se, avariar-se, posar-se a plorar, descompondre's
- bring up: criar-se, estudiar, treure un tema
Idioms
- a breath of fresh air: una bocanada d'aire fresc
- a drop in the ocean: una gota al oceà
- make waves: crear problemes
- the tip of the iceberg: la punta de l'iceberg
- make a mountain out of a molehill: fer una muntanya d'un gra de sorra
- vanish into thin air: desaparèixer a l'aire
VOCABULARY
Nouns
- bargain: ganga
- bonfire: foguera
- consumerism: consumisme
- gear: equip
- merchandise: mercaderia
- price tag: preu
- receipt: rebut
- refund: reemborsament
- shopkeeper: comerciant
- sweatshop: fàbrica d'explotació
- stuff: material
Verbs
- afford: pagar
- carry: portar
- exchange: intercanviar
- nag: donar la llauna / renyar
- splurge: malbaratar
- tease: prendre el pèl
Adjectives
- miserable: miserable
- overpriced: car
- price conscious: conscient del preu
- ready-made: prefabricat
Collocations
- do business with: fer negocis amb
- do more harm than good: fer més mal que bé
- do one's best: fer el millor
- do one's duty: complir amb el deure
- do someone a favour: fer un favor a algú
- do the shopping: fer la compra
- make a deal: fer un tracte
- make a living: guanyar-se la vida
- make a mistake: cometre un error
- make a statement: fer una declaració
- make an effort: fer un esforç
- make an excuse: fer una excusa
- pay someone a compliment: fer un compliment a algú
- pay the bills: pagar els comptes
- pay the price: pagar el preu
Phrasal Verbs
- come to: arribar a
- give out: repartir
- pick out: triar
- shop around: fer una volta (comparant preus)
- snap up: apoderar-se de
- stock up on: proveir-se de
Expressions
- free of charge: gratis
- free trial: prova gratuïta
- get rid of: desfer-se de
- go out of business: sortir dels negocis
- on sale: en venda
- out of bounds: fora dels límits