Tiempos Verbales y Cláusulas en Inglés: Domina la Gramática Esencial

Tiempos Verbales en Inglés

Los tiempos verbales son fundamentales para expresar el momento en el que ocurren las acciones, estados o eventos. A continuación, se detallan los principales tiempos verbales junto con sus usos y ejemplos:

• Simple Present: A present state of affairs, a general fact, habitual actions, future timetables. My flight leaves at 10.
• Present Continuous: A specific action that is occurring, a general activity that takes place over a period of time, future arrangements. My sister is living in Washington.
• Simple Past: An action or a state that began and ended at a particular time in the past, an action that occurred over a period of time but was completed in the past, an activity that took place regularly in the past. I was shy in high school.
• Past Continuous: Ongoing actions that were interrupted, a continuous state or repeated action in the past, events planned in the past. While I was sewing, the telephone rang.
• Future (Going to): Expressing a future intent based on a decision made in the past, predicting an event that is likely to happen in the future, predicting an event that is likely to happen based on the present conditions. Jim is going to bring his sister tonight.
• Future (Will): Making a decision at the time of speaking, predicting an event that is likely to happen in the future, indicating willingness to do something. I will call you after lunch.
• Future Conditions: An action that will be ongoing at a particular time in the future, future actions that have already been decided. I will be attending law school for the next three years.
• Present Perfect: An action or a state that happened at an unspecified time, an action that has recently occurred, an action that began in the past and continues up to the present, an action that happened repeatedly before now. I have failed my driver's test twice.
• Present Perfect Continuous: An action that began in the past and has just recently ended, an action that began in the past and continues in the present, an action repeated over a period of time in the past and continuing in the present, a general action recently in progress. I've been thinking about going to college next year.
• Past Perfect: A past action that occurred before another past action, an action that was expected to occur in the past. I had hoped to know about the job before now.
• Past Perfect Continuous: A continuous action that occurred before another past action, a continuous action that was expected to occur in the past. I had been expecting his change in travel dates.
• Future Perfect: An action that will be completed before a particular time in the future. By next July, my parents will have been married for 50 years.
• Future Perfect Continuous: An action emphasizing the length of time that has occurred before a specific time in the future. By May, my father will have been working at the same job for 30 years.

Tipos de Cláusulas y Estructuras Oracionales

Las cláusulas son los bloques de construcción de las oraciones en inglés. Conocer sus diferentes tipos permite estructurar textos complejos y precisos.

• Independent Clause: Group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. Jim studied in the sweet shop for his chemistry quiz.
• Dependent Clause: Group of words that contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought. When Jim studied in the sweet shop for his chemistry quiz...
• Dependent Marker Word: Word added to the beginning of an independent clause that makes it into a dependent clause. When Jim studied in the sweet shop for his chemistry quiz, it was very noisy.
• Adverbial Clause: Clause that functions as an adverb. It contains a subject and predicate, and it modifies a verb. I saw Joe when I went to the store.
• Comparative Clause: A type of subordinate clause which expresses comparison, and which is introduced by "than" or "as". She is older than I expected.
• Relative Clauses: Give detailed info defining a general term or expression.
• Non-defining Relative Clauses: Give additional info on something but do not define it.
• Nominal Clause: A subordinate clause that functions as a noun phrase. I know that he is here.
• Verbless Clause: An elliptical clause structure without a verb, which can usually be expanded to a full clause by filling in a form of the verb "be". Verbless clauses tend to function as an adverbial or as a free predicative.
• Infinitive Clause: A type of non-finite clause with the verb in the infinitive. A subject may or may not be present. I want you to understand this.
• Absolute Clause: An adverbial clause that has its own subject and has a participle as its verb or no verb at all.
• Finite Clauses: Sentences containing finite verb forms; i.e., the verb is conjugated.
• Non-finite Clauses: Clauses containing non-finite verb forms.

Conceptos Clave de Sintaxis

• Sentence: A sentence is a grammatical unit that is composed of one or more clauses.
• Coordinating Conjunctions: Used as connecting words at the beginning of an independent clause; they are and, but, for, or, nor, so, and yet.
• Comma Splices: The incorrect use of a comma between two independent clauses.
• Parallelism: A balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses.
• Parataxis: The juxtaposition of clauses or phrases without the use of coordinating or subordinating conjunctions, as in It was cold; the snows came.
• Syndetic: This term refers to coordination that has a single coordinator between the last two conjoins, as in John, Mary and Bill.
• Asyndetic: Coordination involves two or more conjoins which are not linked by a coordinating conjunction. For example: Slowly, carefully, the thief crept towards the diamond.
• Coordination: The grammatical connection of two or more ideas to give them equal emphasis and importance.
• Subordination: Words, phrases, and clauses that make one element of a sentence dependent on another.