Tiempos verbales, conectores y verbos reportados en inglés: guía práctica de gramática

Tiempos verbales en inglés

Tiempos verbales:

• Present perfect: Subject + have/has + V (participle)
• Present perfect continuous: Subject + have/has + been + V-ing
• Past perfect: Subject + had + V (participle)
• Past perfect continuous: Subject + had + been + V-ing
• Futuro continuo: Subject + will + be + V-ing
• Future perfect: Subject + will + have + V (participle)
• Future perfect continuous: Subject + will + have + been + V-ing
• Condicional perfect: Subject + would + have + V (participle)
• Conditional perfect continuous: Subject + would + have + been + V-ing

Conectores

Result

Clause: so (así que), consequently (como consecuencia), as a result (como resultado), therefore, thus (por lo tanto).

so, such (tan que): so + adjective/adverb + that / such + adjective + noun + that.

Reason

+ clause: because (porque), since (ya que), as (como).

+ noun: because of, due to (debido a).

Contrast

+ clause: although, even though, but (a pesar de).

however, nevertheless (sin embargo), on the other hand (por otra parte), by comparison (en comparación), while, whereas (mientras).

+ noun or -ing: despite, in spite of (a pesar de) + clause.

Time

when, while, after, before, as soon as, until (hasta), by the time.

Addition

and / in addition, furthermore, moreover, besides (además) + clause.

in addition to, as well as (además de); also, too (también).

Purpose

in order (not) to (para) + verb; so as (not) to + infinitive; so that + subject + modal verb + infinitive (de manera que).

Comparison

the (comparative) + subject + verb; as if (como si).

Giving examples

for example, for instance, that is (por ejemplo); such as (como).

Ordering

first, secondly, thirdly, next, then, finally.

Pronombres relativos

Personas:

• Sujeto: who, that
• Objeto: whom, who
• Posesivo: whose

Cosas:

• Sujeto: which, that
• Objeto: which, that
• Posesivo: whose

Verbos reportados (REPORTING VERBS)

• Verb + to + infinitive: agree, offer, promise, refuse.
• Verb + object + to + infinitive: advise, invite, remind, order, tell, warn, beg, ask.
• Verb + -ing: apologise for, suggest, admit, accuse of, deny.
• Verb + that: declare, explain, say, tell, announce.

Forma impersonal

1. It is said that...
2. Subject + is/are + said + to + infinitive

Composición: ventajas y desventajas

Introducción

In reality, it has both its advantages and disadvantages.

There are many advantages to...

Ventajas

1. Firstly, ...
2. Moreover, ...
3. A further advantage...

Desventajas

In contrast, there are certain drawbacks to...

1. First of all, ...
2. Furthermore, ...

Conclusión

In conclusion, to sum up, on the whole (en general): mi opinión personal es que...