Tiempos Verbales en Inglés: Future, Present Perfect y Past Perfect
Clasificado en Inglés
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Future I Simple (will)
positive | negative | question | |
no differences | I will speak. | I will not speak. | Will I speak? |
Use of will Future
- A spontaneous decision. Example: Wait, I will help you.
- An opinion, hope, uncertainty, or assumption regarding the future. Example: He will probably come back tomorrow.
- A promise. Example: I will not watch TV tonight.
- An action in the future that cannot be influenced. Example: It will rain tomorrow.
- Conditional clauses type I. Example: If I arrive late, I will call you.
Future I Simple (going to)
positive | negative | question | |
I | I am going to speak. | I am not going to speak. | Am I going to speak? |
you / we / they | You are going to speak. | You are not going to speak. | Are you going to speak? |
he / she / it | He is going to speak. | He is not going to speak. | Is he going to speak? |
Use of going to Future
- An action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared. Example: I am going to study harder next year.
- A conclusion regarding the immediate future. Example: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.
Present Perfect Simple
Positive | Negative | Question | |
I / you / we / they | I have spoken. | I have not spoken. | Have I spoken? |
he / she / it | He has spoken. | He has not spoken. | Has he spoken? |
For irregular verbs, use the participle form (see list of irregular verbs, 3rd column). For regular verbs, just add “ed”.
Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed
Exceptions in spelling when adding ed | Example |
after a final e only add d | love – loved |
final consonant after a short, stressed vowel | admit – admitted |
final y after a consonant becomes i | hurry – hurried |
Use of Present Perfect
- Puts emphasis on the result. Example: She has written five letters.
- Action that is still going on. Example: School has not started yet.
- Action that stopped recently. Example: She has cooked dinner.
- Finished action that has an influence on the present. Example: I have lost my key.
- Action that has taken place once, never, or several times before the moment of speaking. Example: I have never been to Australia.
Past Perfect Simple
Positive | Negative | Question | |
no differences | I had spoken. | I had not spoken. | Had I spoken? |
For irregular verbs, use the past participle form (see list of irregular verbs, 3rd column). For regular verbs, just add ed.
Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed
Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed | Example |
after final e, only add d | love – loved |
final consonant after a short, stressed vowel | admit – admitted |
final y after a consonant becomes i | hurry – hurried |
Use of Past Perfect
- Action taking place before a certain time in the past (putting emphasis only on the fact, not the duration). Example: Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack.
- Conditional Sentences Type III (condition that was not given in the past). Example: If I had seen him, I would have talked to him.