Tiempos Verbales en Inglés: Gramática, Condicionales, Voz Pasiva y Estilo Indirecto

Tiempos verbales en inglés

PRESENT SIMPLE: forma base (do).

PRESENT CONTINUOUS: sujeto + to be + -ing.

PAST SIMPLE: -ed (did) "atacó".

PAST CONTINUOUS: sujeto + was/were + -ing.

PAST PERFECT: sujeto + had + 2ª columna del verbo principal "había marchado".

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: sujeto + have/has + 2ª columna del verbo principal "llevo jugando" / for / since.

FUTURE SIMPLE: sujeto + will ('ll) + forma base del verbo.

BE GOING TO: sujeto + am/is/are + going to + forma base del verbo "vamos a...".

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE: sujeto + will have + 2ª columna del verbo principal "habrá sido".

FUTURE CONTINUOUS: sujeto + will be + verbo en -ing "estaremos visitando".

Oraciones de relativo

RELATIVE PRONOUNS:

• who / that = people
• which / that = objects
• whose = posesión
• when / that = momento
• where = lugar

Non-Defining Relative Clauses

Añaden información, van entre comas y se forman con who, which, when, where y whose. No se pueden omitir.

Modal verbs

• can: habilidad, posibilidad, peticiones.
• be able to: habilidad, posibilidad.
• can't: incapacidad, prohibición, imposibilidad.
• could: habilidad en el pasado, preguntas serias, posibilidad, sugerencia seria.
• may / might: posibilidad.
• may: pregunta seria.
• should / ought to: advertencia, opinión.
• need to / have to: obligación, necesidad.
• must: obligación, necesidad, verdad absoluta.
• mustn't: prohibir.
• don't have to: "no tienes que".
• needn't: "no es necesario que / no tienes que".
• would: pregunta formal, ofrecimiento.

Oraciones condicionales

Zero conditional

if + present simple + when = present simple "If I do sport, I feel energetic" / "Si hago deporte, me siento con energía".

First conditional

if + present simple + unless (a no ser que / a menos que) = future simple / imperative "If we don't stop / Unless we stop...".

Second conditional

if + past simple + unless = would + forma base / should / might "If I had enough money, I would travel to..." / "Si tuviera suficiente dinero, viajaría a...". "I could / might buy a house by the beach if I..." / "Podría comprarme una casa cerca de la playa si yo...".

Third conditional

if + past perfect = would have + 2ª columna + could / might have "If I had told her, she would have joined us" / "Si se lo hubiera dicho, habría venido con nosotros". "He could / might have arrived on time if he had left earlier" / "Podría haber llegado a tiempo si hubiera salido antes".

Voz pasiva

Present simple: "The police conduct an experiment / An experiment is conducted by the police".

Past simple: "The police conducted an experiment / An experiment was conducted by the police".

Future simple: "The police will conduct an experiment / An experiment will be conducted by the police".

Present continuous: "The police are conducting an experiment / An experiment is being conducted by the police".

Past continuous: "The police were conducting an experiment / An experiment was being conducted by the police".

Present perfect simple: "The police have conducted an experiment / An experiment has been conducted by the police".

Past perfect simple: "The police had conducted an experiment / An experiment had been conducted by the police".

Modals: "The police should conduct an experiment / An experiment should be conducted by the police".

Estilo indirecto

• today = that day
• tonight = that night
• yesterday = the previous day / the day before
• last week = the previous week / the week before
• a month ago = the previous month / the month before
• tomorrow = the following day / the day after / the next day
• next week = the following week / the week after
• here = there
• this / these = that / those