Tiempos verbales en inglés: tabla completa de presente, pasado, futuro y condicional con ejemplos en voz activa y pasiva

Tiempos verbales en inglés

Present simple: (A) I buy a car. (P) A car is bought (by me).

Present continuous: (A) I am buying a car. (P) A car is being bought.

Present perfect simple: (A) I have bought a car. (P) A car has been bought.

Very immediate past: (A) I have just bought a car. (P) A car has just been bought.

Present perfect continuous: (A) I have been buying a car. (P) A car has been being bought.

Past simple: (A) I bought a car. (P) A car was bought.

Past continuous: (A) I was buying a car. (P) A car was being bought.

Past perfect simple: (A) I had bought a car. (P) A car had been bought.

Past perfect continuous: (A) I had been buying a car. (P) A car had been being bought.

Future simple: (A) I will buy a car. (P) A car will be bought.

Future continuous: (A) I will be buying a car. (P) A car will be being bought.

Future perfect: (A) I will have bought a car. (P) A car will have been bought.

Very immediate future: (A) I'm about to buy a car. (P) A car is about to be bought.

Plans and intentions: (A) I'm going to buy a car. (P) A car is going to be bought.

Arrangements: (A) I'm buying a car soon. (P) A car is being bought soon.

Conditional simple: (A) I would buy a car. (P) A car would be bought.

Conditional perfect: (A) I would have bought a car. (P) A car would have been bought.

Modo imperativo

• 2.ª persona singular: Buy a car / Don't buy a car.
• 1.ª persona plural: Let's buy a car / Let's not buy a car.
• 2.ª persona plural: You all, buy a car / You all, don't buy a car.

Oraciones de finalidad

Se expresan con to, in order to, not to, in order not to (+ infinitivo) y so that (+ verbo en tiempo).

Oraciones de resultado

• Subordinadas (tan que): so + adjetivo + that; such (a) + sustantivo + that.
• Coordinadas (así que, por lo tanto): so, thus, therefore; (en consecuencia) as a result, consequently.

Contraste

(excepto, sino, pero) but; (sin embargo, no obstante) however, nevertheless, on the one hand... on the other hand; (a pesar de) despite, in spite of (+ -ing).

Oraciones causales

Because, because of, as, since (puesto que, ya que).

Adición de información

Besides (además), in addition, what's more, furthermore, moreover, also.

El pronombre SE

• Recíproco: They love each other / one another / each other's.
• Reflexivo: She cut herself.
• Impersonal: It was said that he was a (...)
• Sujeto no importante: A bridge was built.
• Dativo de interés: He bought a car.

Dos formas de voz pasiva

1) A gift was bought to me (by her). 2) I was bought a gift (by her).

1) Two emails were sent to Jack. 2) Jack was sent two emails.

Verbos modales

• Capacidad: can (general), be able to (personal y específica), could / will be able (pasado/futuro).
• Permiso: Can I? (informal), May I? (formal), Could / Might? (muy formal).
• Posibilidad: can / may (posibilidad real), it could / might (posibilidad remota).
• Imposibilidad: can't (total), it could not (incertidumbre).
• Deducciones: must.
• Falta de obligación: needn't / don't have to.
• Obligación: shall (ética), must (legal), ought to / have to (personal), should (consejo).
• Prohibición: not allowed to / mustn't.

Modales en pasado

• Arrepentimientos sobre el pasado: could have + participio (hipotético); can / may (real).
• Consejo: should have + participio.
• Obligación personal: ought to + infinitivo (have).
• Falta de obligación: needn't have + participio (helped).
• Deducciones: must have + participio (been).

Tiempos de futuro: usos

• Planes e intenciones: I'm going to study maths.
• Acuerdos: I'm visiting my dentist this evening.
• Predicciones y opiniones: Tomorrow, it will rain (future simple).
• Decisión repentina: future simple.
• Ofrecimientos: future simple.
• Future continuous: I will be waiting for you.
• Future perfect: You will have bought a new car...
• Horarios: Our next English class starts at...
• Futuro inmediato: I'm about to finish my exam...

Verbos fáciles de confundir: ganar y perder

• Win: a match, a game...
• Earn: a living, 200 euros...
• Gain: experience, skills...
• Lose: a wallet, a coat...
• Miss: the train, a TV show...