Tiempos Verbales en Inglés: Tablas, Estructuras y Conectores Explicados
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VERB TENSES
| Tiempo verbal | Uso | Pistas comunes | Estructura |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | Hábitos | always, every day | S + V (+s) |
| Present Continuous | Ahora | now, at the moment | S + am/is/are + V-ing |
| Past Simple | Pasado terminado | yesterday, ago, last | S + V2 / -ed |
| Past Continuous | En progreso pasado | while, when | S + was/were + V-ing |
| Be going to | Planes / seguro | tomorrow, next week | S + am/is/are + going to + V |
| Will | Decisión rápida | maybe, probably | S + will + V |
| Present Perfect | Pasado + ahora | already, yet, since, for | S + have/has + V3 |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Empezó y sigue | for, since, all day | S + have/has + been + V-ing |
| Past Perfect | 1ª acción pasada | before, after | S + had + V3 |
| Future Perfect | Antes de una fecha | by + date | S + will have + V3 |
CONDITIONAL
| Tipo | Uso | Estructura |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Siempre pasa | If + present, present |
| 1 | Probable | If + present, will + V |
| 2 | Improbable / consejo | If + past, would + V |
| 3 | Pasado / arrepentimiento | If + had + V3, would have + V3 |
WISH
| 🧠 Tipo | 📌 Estructura | 🎯 Uso | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wish (presente) | I wish + past simple | Deseo en presente (irreal) | |
| Wish (pasado) | I wish + past perfect | Arrepentimiento | |
| Wish (futuro) | I wish + would + verbo | Que algo cambie |
MODALES
| FUNCIÓN | PALABRAS CLAVE | ESTRUCTURA (INCLUYE PASADO) | MODAL |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERROR / ARREPENTIMIENTO | it was a mistake, I regret, I’m sorry about | pres: modal + V / pasa: modal + have + past participle / wish + had(been)V3-ing | should / shouldn’t have |
| POSIBILIDAD | maybe, perhaps, possibly, it’s possible | pres: modal + base verb / pasa: modal + have + past participle | may / might |
| IMPOSIBILIDAD | it isn’t possible, no way, I’m sure… didn’t | pres: modal + base verb / pasa: modal + have + past participle | can’t |
| CERTEZA / DEDUCCIÓN | I’m sure, definitely, there’s no doubt | presente: modal + base verb / pasado: modal + have + past participle | must |
| PERMISO | can, allowed, permission | presente: be allowed to + verb / pasado: was/were allowed to + verb | can / be allowed to |
| PROHIBICIÓN | mustn’t, forbidden, not allowed | presente: mustn’t / be not allowed to / pasado: wasn’t/weren’t allowed to | mustn’t |
| NO NECESIDAD | needn’t, don’t have to, not necessary | presente: don’t have to / needn’t / pasado: didn’t have to | don’t have to |
| CONSEJO | should, ought to, advisable | presente: should / ought to + verb / pasado: should have + past participle | should / ought to |
| PASADO (CLAVE) | yesterday, last…, in the past | siempre: modal + have + past participle | must / can’t / might |
REPORTED SPEECH (ESTILO INDIRECTO)
| Tipo | Estructura | Ejemplo Directo | Ejemplo Indirecto |
|---|---|---|---|
| STATEMENTS (afirmaciones) | said (that) + oración | “I am tired.” | He said (that) he was tired. |
| STATEMENTS con objeto | told + objeto + that | “I like pizza.” | She told me that she liked pizza. |
| YES/NO QUESTIONS | asked if/whether + oración | “Do you study?” | He asked if I studied. |
| WH- QUESTIONS | asked + wh-word + oración | “Where do you live?” | She asked where I lived. |
| ORDERS | told + objeto + to infinitive | “Sit down.” | He told me to sit down. |
| REQUESTS (peticiones) | asked + objeto + to infinitive | “Please help me.” | She asked me to help her. |
| PROHIBITIONS | told + objeto + not to | “Don’t touch it.” | He told me not to touch it. |
CONECTORES
| Tipo | Conector | Estructura |
|---|---|---|
| ⚡ Contraste | although | although + subject + verb |
| ⚡ Contraste | though | though + subject + verb |
| ⚡ Contraste | even though | even though + subject + verb |
| ⚡ Contraste | but | clause + but + clause |
| ⚡ Contraste | however | sentence. However, + sentence |
| ⚡ Contraste | despite | despite + noun / -ing |
| ⚡ Contraste | in spite of | in spite of + noun / -ing |
| ➕ Causa | because | because + subject + verb |
| ➕ Causa | because of | because of + noun |
| ➕ Causa | since / as | since/as + subject + verb |
| ➡️ Consecuencia | so | clause + so + clause |
| ➡️ Consecuencia | therefore | sentence. Therefore, + sentence |
| ➡️ Consecuencia | as a result | sentence. As a result, + sentence |
| ⏰ Tiempo | when | when + present simple |
| ⏰ Tiempo | before | before + present simple |
| ⏰ Tiempo | after | after + present simple |
| ⏰ Tiempo | as soon as | as soon as + present simple |
| ⏰ Tiempo | until | until + present simple |
Reglas clave
- despite / in spite of → noun o -ing
- because → frase completa
- because of → noun
- time clauses → presente (NO will)
- however / therefore → punto o coma