Vocabulario Avanzado en Inglés y Gramática Esencial: Tiempos Verbales, Modales e Intensificadores

Vocabulario Avanzado en Inglés

diatribe: condemnation, abusive criticism

ransom: a price or payment in return

pervade: to be spread (permanecer)

collaborate: to work together

comply: to act according to a command (obedecer)

surreptitiously: secretly

palatable: acceptable to the taste

proposition: suggested plan

commend: to speak highly of (alabar)

impudent: disrespectful, irrespetuoso

acute: sharp

connived: pensar en una nueva idea

vex: annoy

stifled: (tapar la boca, etc.)

crevice: crack (hendidura)

stealthily: secretly, cautiously

audacity:

vehemently: with intense emotion

derision: ridicule

exuberant: vigorous

valor: courage, brave

assert: imponerse

decree: an official order

retribution: castigo

doleful: sad, mournful

procure: to obtain

subordinate: less important, secondary

imperious: proud / overbearing

destiny: fate, an unavoidable lot in life

Verbos con Objetos

Verb + person + thing

You owe me 5 euros. / She made him a cake.

Verb + thing + to/for + person

I borrowed 5 euros from her.

Question Tags

Positive sentence → negative tag / Negative sentence → positive tag

Present Perfect Simple

have/has + past participle: se enfoca en el resultado y en la idea de finalización.

I've read the book.

Present Perfect Continuous

have/has + been + present participle: actividad continua que puede no estar completada.

I've been reading.

Modals of Deduction

• must + infinitive: suposición lógica. You must be tired.
• may/might + infinitive: posibilidad. Eva may know him.
• can't + infinitive: suposición negativa. She can't be Britney.
• must have + past participle: suposición sobre el pasado. It must have rained.
• might have + past participle: posibilidad en el pasado.
• can't have + past participle: imposibilidad en el pasado.

Future Perfect

will + have + past participle: algo que se completará antes de un momento definido en el futuro.

At the end of the week he will have finished the lesson.

Future Continuous

will + be + present participle: algo que estará en progreso en el futuro.

I'll be working while you are relaxing.

Voz Activa y Voz Pasiva

Active voice: directamente del hablante. Passive voice: lo que dijo otra persona.

Obligación

• must: obligación presente desde el hablante.
• have to: obligación que no proviene del hablante.
• should: obligación débil.
• mustn't: prohibición fuerte.
• don't have to: no hay obligación.

Intensificadores

Gradables

very, really, rather, truly, terribly, extremely

Se usan con adjetivos graduables como good, big (forma comparativa).

No graduables

really, absolutely, totally, completely, truly

Se usan con adjetivos extremos como fantastic, huge.

Condicionales

unless, except if, as long as, if, in case: be prepared.

Auxiliares en Preguntas

do = I / we / you / they    does = he / she / it    did = pasado de todos