Vocabulario Esencial de Arte, Sociedad y Gramática en Inglés

1. Artists (Artistas)

• actor • artist • choreographer • composer
• conductor • dancer • (fashion) designer
• (film/theatre) director • drummer • guitarist
• musician • painter • performer • photographer
• pianist • sculptor • singer • singer-songwriter

2. The Visual Arts (Las Artes Visuales)

• abstract painting • art gallery • collection
• exhibition • landscape (paisaje) • masterpiece (obra maestra)
• (self-)portrait (autorretrato) • sculpture • sketch (boceto) • still life (bodegón)

3. The Performing Arts (Las Artes Escénicas)

• audience • cast • composition • concert • lighting • lyrics
• main character (protagonista) • musical • orchestra • performance (actuación) • play (obra)
• plot (trama) • scene • stage • tune (melodía)

4. Adjectives Ending in -Ing and -Ed (Adjetivos Terminados en -Ing y -Ed)

• amazed / amazing • amused (divertido) / amusing • annoyed (molesto) / annoying
• bored / boring • confused / confusing • depressed / depressing
• disappointed / disappointing • disgusted / disgusting
• embarrassed / embarrassing • entertained / entertaining
• excited / exciting • exhausted / exhausting
• fascinated / fascinating • frightened / frightening
• frustrated / frustrating • gripped (agarrado) / gripping • inspired / inspiring
• interested / interesting • moved / moving • relaxed / relaxing
• shocked / shocking • surprised / surprising • tired / tiring
• uninspired / uninspiring • worried / worrying

5. Countries and Nations (Países y Naciones)

• capital city • currency (moneda) • flag • national anthem (himno nacional)
• national symbol/emblem • official language
• population • royal family (familia real) (king/queen/prince/princess)

6. Governments (Gobiernos)

• campaign • constitutional monarchy • democracy
• general election • law (leyes) • member • monarchy
• political party • politician • republic • run the country (dirigir el país)
• vote (n., v.)

7. Adjective Suffixes (Sufijos de Adjetivos)

• artistic (artístico) • believable (creíble) • careful (cuidadoso) • careless (descuidado) • colourful (vistoso)
• comfortable (cómodo) • dangerous (peligroso) • doubtful (dudoso) • doubtless (indudable)
• dramatic (dramático) • enjoyable (agradable) • environmental (ambiental) • famous (famoso)
• harmful (dañino) • harmless (inofensivo) • helpful (servicial) • helpless (indefenso) • hopeful (esperanzado)
• hopeless (desesperado) • hungry (hambriento) • lucky (afortunado) • mysterious (misterioso) • natural (natural)
• official (oficial) • painful (doloroso) • painless (sin dolor) • scientific (científico) • sensible (sensato)
• terrible (terrible) • unbelievable (increíble) • unlucky (desafortunado) • useful (útil) • useless (inútil)
• valuable (valioso)

8. Gramática: Third Conditional (Tercer Condicional)

Estructura: if + past perfect, would + have + past participle

Ejemplo: If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. (Si hubiera estudiado más duro, habría aprobado el examen).

9. Gramática: Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

• Present simple ➔ Past simple
• Present continuous ➔ Past continuous
• Present perfect ➔ Past perfect
• Past simple ➔ Past perfect
• Will ➔ Would
• Can ➔ Could
• May ➔ Might
• Must / Have to ➔ Had to