Vocabulario y Gramática de Inglés: Unidades 3 a 6 con Ejemplos y Explicaciones

Vocabulario

UNIT 3:

Arson: incendio provocado
Burglary: robar en una casa
Drug dealing: vender drogas
Hacking: hackear
Joyriding: robar coches
Murder: asesinato
Shoplifting: robo en tienda
Theft: robo
Vandalism: vandalismo
Speeding: exceso de velocidad

Famous: famoso
Dangerous: peligroso
Cloudy: nublado
Powerful: potente
National: nacional
Mysterious: misterioso
Healthy: sano
Careful: cuidadoso
Musical: musical
Colorful: colorido
Dirty: sucio
Juicy: jugoso
Natural: natural
Tasty: sabroso

UNIT 4:

Words to learn

Cooker: cocina
Dustbin: cubo de la basura
Ironing board: tabla de planchar
Vacuum cleaner: aspiradora
Washing machine: lavadora

Do the hoovering: pasar la aspiradora
Do the cooking: cocinar
Make your bed: hacer la cama
Put the rubbish out: sacar la basura
Tidy up: ordenar
Do the washing: hacer la colada
Clean the floor: limpiar el suelo
Do the ironing: planchar
Wash up: lavar los platos
Do the dusting: quitar el polvo
Do the shopping: hacer la compra
Do the gardening: cuidar el jardín

UNIT 5:

Describing personality

Ambitious: ambicioso
Bad-tempered: de mal genio
Big-headed: creído
Brave: valiente
Cheerful: alegre
Hard-working: trabajador
Selfish: egoísta
Shy: tímido
Talkative: hablador
Modest: modesto
Outgoing: extrovertido
Lazy: perezoso
Quiet: tranquilo
Miserable: triste

Compound adjectives

Long-legged: patilargo
Dark-skinned: de tez oscura
Broad-shouldered: de espalda ancha
Thin-lipped: de labios finos
Kind-hearted: de buen corazón
Neat-handwriting: de buena letra
Loud-mouthed: bocazas
Blue-eyed: de ojos azules
High-ceilinged: de techo alto
Fair-haired: de pelo rubio
Long-sleeved: de manga larga
High-backed: de respaldo alto
Long-haired: de pelo largo
Green-skinned: de piel verde

UNIT 6:

Adventure sports

BASE jumping: salto BASE
Bungee jumping: puenting
Caving: espeleología
Free running: correr libre (parkour)
Hand-gliding: ala delta
Kayaking: piragüismo
Kite surfing: kitesurf
Rock climbing: escalada
Skydiving: paracaidismo
Snorkelling: buceo de superficie
Waterskiing: esquí acuático
Windsurfing: windsurf

Adjective opposites

Light/dark: claro/oscuro
Quiet/loud: tranquilo/alborotador
Blunt/sharp: desafilado/afilado
Dirty/clean: sucio/limpio
Dry/wet: seco/mojado
High/low: alto/bajo
Rough/smooth: áspero/suave
Shallow/deep: superficial/profundo
Soft/hard: blando/duro
Strong/weak: fuerte/débil
Wide/narrow: ancho/estrecho

Gramática

UNIT 6

Present perfect afirmativo y negativo

Afirmativo (+): sujeto + have/has + participio pasado. Toni has finished his book.
Negativo (−): sujeto + haven't/hasn't + participio pasado. I haven't done my homework.

Se utiliza para hablar de un estado o de una acción que se inició en el pasado y continúa en el momento presente.

Present perfect con just

Se utiliza para hablar de una acción que acaba de producirse.
Sujeto + have/has + just + participio pasado. I've just sent him a text message.

Past Simple

Afirmativo (+): sujeto + infinitivo del verbo + -ed. I watched TV.
Negativo (−): sujeto + didn't + infinitivo del verbo sin to. He didn't finish his breakfast.
Interrogativo (?): Did + sujeto + infinitivo sin to? Did you send an email, Melissa?

Could / couldn't

Significa poder/no poder o saber/no saber.
I could read when I was three. (A los 3 años ya sabía leer.)
Sara couldn't go to the party.

Past simple de was/were

Significa estaba/estabas o estuve.
He was at home last night. We weren't at school. Were you nervous?

Past continuous

Sujeto + was/were + forma en -ing del verbo principal.
I was reading a book. I wasn't sleeping. Were you watching a film?

Past simple and past continuous

I was looking at the magazines when I saw Helen. (Estaba mirando las revistas cuando vi a Helen.)
As we were going home, I looked at Helen. (Mientras íbamos a casa, miré a Helen.)

Adverbs

Quick/quickly, bad/badly, slow/slowly, careful/carefully, noisy/noisily, funny/funnily, pretty/prettily, happy/happily.

Have to

Expresa obligación de hacer algo.
Afirmativo: sujeto + have/has to + infinitivo. Ed has to help his mother.
Negativo: sujeto + don't/doesn't have to + infinitivo. Charlie doesn't have to do the ironing.
Interrogativo: Do/does + sujeto + have to + infinitivo? Do you have to help with the housework?

Some and any

Se utilizan con sustantivos tanto contables como incontables.
There is some fish for dinner. There aren't any pens. I have got some bananas. Are there any biscuits?

Much, many, a lot of

Much: mucho/mucha. Se usa con sustantivos incontables en frases negativas o interrogativas. Is there much coffee?
Many: muchos/muchas. Se usa con sustantivos contables en plural en frases negativas o interrogativas. Are there many hamburgers? No, and there aren't many omelettes either.
A lot of: mucho/mucha y muchos/muchas. Se usa con sustantivos contables e incontables en frases afirmativas.

How much...? / How many...?

Significa ¿cuánto/cuánta?
How much money have you got? How many books did she buy?

Comparative and superlative

Si el adjetivo tiene una sola sílaba (short), se añade -er. Si acaba en -e muda, se añade solo -r. Si acaba en vocal + consonante, se duplica la consonante y se añade -er: hot/hotter. Si tiene más de dos sílabas, se coloca more delante del adjetivo: more dangerous.
Irregulares: good/better, bad/worse, far/further.

Superlativo: si el adjetivo es corto, -est (the hottest). Si tiene más de dos sílabas, most (the most dangerous).
Irregulares: good/best, bad/worst, far/furthest.

Too / enough

She didn't speak to Daniel. She felt too nervous. (demasiado)
I can't reach that shelf. I'm not tall enough. (lo bastante / lo suficiente)