Vocabulario y Gramática Inglesa: Infinitivos, Gerundios y Verbos

Vocabulario Temático

Vocabulario (1): Carrera y Vida

headteachers / directores | fulfilling life / vida plena | freelance / autónomo | fond of... (-ing) / aficionado a | gateways / vías de acceso | dedicated to / dedicado a | familiar / familiarizado | necessary / necesario | passionate / apasionado | successful in... / exitoso en

Vocabulario (2): Profesiones

camera operator / cámara | company director / director de empresa | dog groomer / peluquero canino | estate agent / agente inmobiliario | tattoo artist / tatuador | train driver / maquinista | video editor / editor de vídeo | yoga instructor / instructor de yoga

Vocabulario (3): Educación y Trabajo

graduated from / graduado en | wrote her thesis / escribió su tesis | turned down a job / rechazar un empleo | took on a full-time job / aceptar empleo a jornada completa | mentoring a junior intern / tutorizar a un becario | supervising someone / supervisar a alguien | volunteering / voluntariado | became an apprentice / hacerse aprendiz | tutored / dar clases particulares | applied for a place / solicitar plaza | won a scholarship / ganar beca | worked part-time / trabajar a tiempo parcial | was appointed as portrait painter / nombrado retratista | was commissioned to paint / encargado para pintar

Vocabulario (4): Adjetivos y Habilidades

determined / decidido | motivated / motivado | brainy / cerebrito | disorganized / desorganizado | decisive / decisivo | cautious / cauto | perceptive / perceptivo | unreliable / poco fiable | sociable / sociable | cool-headed / sereno | imaginative / imaginativo | optimistic / optimista | enthusiastic / entusiasta | rational / racional | anxious / ansioso | focused / centrado | diligent / diligente | analytical / analítico | critical / crítico | empathetic / empático | internship / prácticas | any queries / cualquier duda

Gramática Inglesa

1. Infinitivo (to + verbo)

• Propósito ("para qué"): I study to pass. / I do sport to be fit.
• Después de adjetivos: I'm glad to be here. / She's pleased to meet you.
• Después de estos verbos: afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, bother, claim, decide, fail, hope, manage, offer, pretend, promise, tend, would prefer.

2. Gerundio (verbo + -ing)

• Después de preposiciones (after, before, without, at...): After graduating, she applied for university.
• Como sujeto: Smoking is not healthy. / Running is good for you.
• Después de estas expresiones: spend time, have fun, can't help, it's no use, it's not worth, have trouble.
• Después de estos verbos: avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, miss, prevent.

3. Verbos que cambian de significado

• STOP + to inf: paras una cosa para empezar otra. "I stopped to smoke."
• STOP + -ing: dejas de hacer algo. "I stopped smoking."
• FORGET + to inf: olvidar hacer algo (futuro). "I forgot to call you."
• FORGET + -ing: olvidar una experiencia (pasado). "I'll never forget meeting her."
• REMEMBER + to inf: acordarse de hacer algo (futuro). "Remember to do the homework."
• REMEMBER + -ing: recordar algo que ya pasó. "I remember meeting her."
• LIKE + to inf: lo correcto, lo apropiado. "I like to go to the dentist."
• LIKE + -ing: disfrutar algo. "I like going to the beach."

Truco para remember y forget: infinitivo = futuro / -ing = pasado.

4. Verbo + Objeto + To Inf

Estructura: sujeto + verbo + objeto + to + verbo. (Ejemplo: I want you to come. / He persuaded me to change my mind).

Objetos: me, you, him, her, it, us, them.

Verbos: allow, encourage, expect, force, inspire, invite, need, persuade, remind, require, want, would love.

Errores Típicos

• Negaciones: Usar don't/doesn't/didn't, nunca solo "not".
• Estructura: "I want that he studies" es incorrecto. Siempre: I want him to study.
• Pronombres: him = él / her = ella.
• Tiempo: every day (separado) = cada día.
• Eventos y lugares: Usar to, no at. "Come to the match."