Voz Pasiva, Tiempos Verbales y Verbos Modales en Inglés: Teoría, Ejemplos y Vocabulario

Voz pasiva

La voz pasiva se forma con el verbo to be conjugado en el tiempo correspondiente, seguido del past participle del verbo principal.

Pasiva en presente y pasado

• PRESENT SIMPLE: P.S: I am / you, we, they are / he, she, it is. P.C: am / are / is being. P.P.S: have / has been.
• PAST: P.S: was / were. P.C: was / were being. P.P: had been.

Pasiva en futuro

• FUTURO: F.S: will / won't be. F.P: will have been.

Pasiva de complemento directo (CD) e indirecto (CI)

• CD + verbo + to + CI + by...
• CI + verbo + CD + by...

Pasiva impersonal

It is + past participle + that...

Tiempos verbales en presente

Present simple

(Do) I/you/we/they don't shop online. (Does) He/She/It doesn't shop online.

Expresiones de tiempo: every day, on..., once a..., twice a...

Present continuous

(Am) I am / am not + -ing. (Is) he/she/it is / isn't + -ing. (Are) you/we/they are / aren't + -ing.

Expresiones de tiempo: now, at the moment, right now, today, currently

Present perfect simple

(Have) I/you/we/they have / haven't + past participle. (Has) he/she/it has / hasn't + past participle.

Expresiones de tiempo: for, since, just, before, always, recently, lately, so far, once, twice, still, ever, never, yet, already

Present perfect continuous

(Have) I/you/we/they have / haven't + been + -ing. (Has) he/she/it has / hasn't + been + -ing.

Expresiones de tiempo: how long, all day long, a long time

Verbos modales

• Ability (habilidad): can / could / be able to
• Obligation (obligación): must / have to
• Advice (consejo): should, shouldn't / ought to / had better / don't / doesn't have to
• Prohibition (prohibición): mustn't / can't
• Permission (permiso): can / may
• Certainty (certeza): must / must be
• Probability / possibility (probabilidad / posibilidad): may / may not / might / might not
• Impossibility (imposibilidad): can't / couldn't be

Oraciones condicionales

• 0 conditional: if + present + present
• 1 conditional: if + present + will + infinitive
• 2 conditional: if + past simple + would + infinitive
• 3 conditional: if + subject + had / hadn't + past participle + would have + past participle

Vocabulario

Unit 1: Travel and tourism

• discover its tourist attractions (v. phr.): descubrir sus atractivos turísticos
• fit your budget (v. phr.): ajustarse a su presupuesto
• get around on foot (phr. v. collocation): moverse a pie
• get your adrenaline pumping (v. phr.): hacer que se dispare su adrenalina
• go scuba diving (v. phr.): hacer buceo
• go to a local theme park (v. phr.): ir a un parque temático local
• hang out (phr. v.): pasar el rato (fuera de casa)
• hunt for souvenirs (v. phr.): buscar recuerdos
• rent a bike (v. phr.): alquilar una bicicleta
• run into people (phr. v. collocation): encontrarse con personas
• soak up the atmosphere (phr. v. collocation): absorber la atmósfera
• spend vast sums (v. phr.): gastar grandes sumas
• visit popular resorts (v. phr.): visitar centros turísticos populares
• wander around (phr. v.): deambular
• breathtaking view (n.): vista impresionante
• city skyline (n.): horizonte de la ciudad
• far-flung destination (n.): destino lejano
• flea market (n.): mercado de pulgas
• secluded beach (n.): playa aislada
• snow-capped mountains (n.): montañas nevadas
• stunning scenery (n.): paisaje impresionante
• winding streets (n.): calles sinuosas
• adamant (adj.): inflexible
• blessed (adj.): bendecido
• end up (phr. v.): terminar
• enriching (adj.): enriquecedor
• enrol (v.): matricular
• further (adv.): más adelante
• pay off (phr. v.): dar resultado / valer la pena
• push sb out of their comfort zone: sacar a alguien de su zona de confort
• refurbish (v.): reformar
• take up (phr. v.): empezar (una actividad)
• venture out (phr. v.): aventurarse
• do your best (v. phr.): hacer tu mejor esfuerzo
• make a decision (v. phr.): tomar una decisión
• make a difference (v. phr.): marcar la diferencia
• make a reservation (v. phr.): hacer una reserva
• make friends (v. phr.): hacer amigos
• make good use of your time (v. phr.): aprovechar bien tu tiempo
• do away with (phr. v.): eliminar
• do up (phr. v.): renovar / abrochar
• make out (phr. v.): distinguir / entender
• make sth into (phr. v.): convertir algo en
• make up (phr. v.): inventar / maquillarse / reconciliarse

Unit 2: Technology

• device (n.): dispositivo
• driverless car (n.): coche sin conductor
• embed (v.): incrustar
• emotionally interactive (adj.): emocionalmente interactivo
• host (v.): alojar / ser anfitrión
• microchip implant (n.): implante de microchip
• mute (v.): silenciar
• unfollow (v.): dejar de seguir
• upload (v.): subir (archivos)
• virtual assistant (n.): asistente virtual
• wireless (adj.): inalámbrico
• cutting-edge (adj.): de vanguardia
• feasible (adj.): factible
• flawed (adj.): defectuoso
• intriguing (adj.): intrigante
• outdated (adj.): anticuado
• user-friendly (adj.): fácil de usar
• convince (v.): convencer
• enhance (v.): mejorar
• link up (phr. v.): conectar
• make huge strides (v. phr.): hacer grandes avances